定语从句复习说课稿

高三英语定语从句复习说课稿
课题：定语从句复习
一 分析语法
定语从句是高中英语重要的语法之一，它既是重点也是难点，是学生平时最常接触的，它在各个题型中无所不在。因此，复习好定语从句是十分必须的。
二 分析学生
由于本届学生基础不好，词汇量严重不足，不少学生连初中最简单的语法都不懂，所以要用短短一节课让学生掌握全部也是不现实的。
三 谈教法
针对这一情况，这次复习主要抓住定语从句的重点难点，并设置相应练习加以巩固。
1 重点：定语从句的重点就是连词的确定
2 难点：定语从句的难点就是让学生学会分析简单句子结构，从而确定连词。
四 教学步骤
限制性与非限制性
一.限制性
I. 基本形式：
noun/pronoun + 关系代词 / 关系副词 ＋ 定从
先行词 (人/物)
1. I’ve read all the books (that) you lent
me.
2. I have lost my pen which I like very
much.

II. 关系代词
先行词 关系代词 用： 在定从中充当的成分
人 Who 主语/宾语
whom 宾语
人/ 物 that 主语/宾语
物 That/which 主语/宾语
人/物 Whose=of whom/which 定语
II. 关系副词
先行词 关系副词 用： 在定从中充当的成分
时间名词 When=at/in/on which 时间状语
地点名词 Where=at /in /on which 地点状语
原因名词 Why=for which 原因状语
Practice:
1. I know the reason ___ he came late.
2. Do you know the woman, _____son went to
college last year?
3. The house _____ color is red is John’s.
4. This is the best film ____ I’ve ever seen.
5. That’s the town _____ he worked in 1987.
6. I have 2 brothers, ____ are both soldiers.
7. Next week, _____ you’ll spend in your
hometown ,is coming.
8. I’ve tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _____ fits me
well.
▲若先行词是: case, situation, stage时,
1）若充当定从的“主、宾、表”时，用which 或that - 定从:
2）若充当定从的“状语”时，用where-定从.
The situation ______________the students designed for the play proved a success.(宾语)
The situation ______the students acted the play proved a success.
▲先行词是“时间、地点、原因名词”时，并非总是用“when, where，why”来引导定从，应视该名词在定从中所充当的成分而定. 1）若充当定从的“主、宾、表”时，用which 或that - 定从:
2）若充当定从的“状语”时，用where,when,why-定从.

The shop ____ I bought the book is big.
The shop __________ I bought the book in is big.
The shop _________ is located nearby my house is big.
☻ The reason ___________ he was late is unkown.
The reason __________ he told me for his absence is not true.

III.以下情形用that不用which或who
1) 先行词是“人和物”
2) 先行词是主句的表语、疑问词，关 系代词本身.
3) 先行词是adj.的最高级或被adj.的最高级所修饰
4) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰。
5) 先行词被only, all, very, any. no, little,few 所修饰及不定代词。
IV.以下情形用which不用that:
① 在介词之后；
②引导非限制性定语从句；
③当定从修饰的是整个主句的意思 时，通常用非限制性定语从句。
V. whose引导的定从的三种表达形式：
1)n.(先行词) + whose + n.-定从
2)n.(先行词) + the n. + of which/whom-定从
3)n.(先行词) +of which/whom + the n. -定从
The house ___ is red is John’s.
A. its color B. color of which
C. the whose color D. of which the color
VI. …way in which/that/不填-若way充当定从的“主、宾、表”时，用which 或that - 定从:

He hated being spoken to in the way______________ she spoke to her father.
The way ______________she told me is effective
VII …as-定从
1) 与 which-定从的区别：
▲as-定从:A) as--“正如……的” B) 位于句首、句末、句中
▲ which-定从： A) which—无具体意义 B) 位于句末
His mother is an engineer, __ makes him very proud. (A which, B who,C that D, as)
_____ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
比较以下句型：
What is known to the world isthat-从句 世人所知晓的是……
It is known to the world that-从句 ......为世人所知
As is known to the world, ……正如世人所知……
Complete the following sentences with that” or “which”.
1. This is the 2nd article ___ I have written in English.
2. It is the best film ___ he has ever seen.
3. This is the very book ___ I wantto read.
4. All ___ they told me surprised me.
5. They talked about the teachers and schools ___ they had visited
二.定语从句与同位语从句
(一)、从词类上区别
◆同位语从句前面的名词只能是:
idea, fact, news, hope, belief, degree，information suggestion, proposal, word, thought,story
doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。
◆ 定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：
◆ We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.
我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的 问题
引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。
● That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。
The fact that our team lost the game is not the fact (that/which) the committee announced
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面。

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.

His mother did all she could to help him with his study.他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。

(二)、从性质上区别
●定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；
●同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true
.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(三)、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别:
有些引导词如: how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如：
That question whether we need it has not been considered.
我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。（同位语从句）
●引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时
还可以用which代替），并且作语时常常省略。
That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省
略，也不能用which来代替
The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。
（同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成份，但不能省略）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入
空白处的最佳选项。
1. Along with the letter was his promise ____
he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
2. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without___
we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
3. There is a new problem involved in the
popularity of private cars ___road conditions need .
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
三.定语从句与It is…that…的强调句的区别
强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who从句”。
1)在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；
2)在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that,
3)从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。
注意区别以下几种句型：
◆It is + 段时间 before-从句 (时同步)
◆It is + 段时间 since-从句(过去时)
◆It is + 点时间 when-从句
◆It is +时间状语 that-从句
It was 2 p.m. ____he came back.
It was at 2 p.m. ___ he came back.
.
It wasn’t until 2 p.m. ___ he came
back.
Not until 2 p.m. ____he come back.
It is 2 hours ____he came back.
It is 2years ——he comes back。
定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的
“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，
结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不
完整，则说明原句为定语从句。

1. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio
broadcasts began.(1995高考卷)
A. while B. which C. that D. since
2. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised
him.
A. It B. What C. So D. Such