- 发布时间:2015-10-20 20:31:00
- 发布者:吾爱
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在八年级时已经学习过一个单元的宾语从句,而这单元的教学时再原来知识的基础上的有关宾语从句的学习,所以在设计课时既要注意新知识,又要注意应注意旧知识的复习与衔接。我在讲授一语法点时主要是从以下几个重点入手组织教学的:
(一) 语序
无论是表示陈述还是表示疑问,宾语从句一律使用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语在后。例如: (1 ) It is fine. She says. → She says that it is fine. (2 ) When will the meeting begin? Do you know? → Do you know when the meeting will begin? (3 ) Do you understand? He asks. → He asks if I understand.
(二) 时态的呼应
1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以根据具体情况使用任何一种时态。例如: He says that he’ll pass the exam. (一般将来时) He says that Lucy is right. (一般现在时) He says that he has seen the doctor. (现在完成时) He says that Tom wanted to have an apple. (一般过去时)
2. 当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,宾语从句的谓语动词一般使用过去时间范畴的某种时态,即:一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时或过去将来时等。例如: He said that there were many books on the desk. (一般过去时) He said he was going to get a toy for her. (过去将来时) He said that he had finished his homework. (过去完成时)
3. 当宾语从句所叙述的是客观真理、格言等时,从句谓语动词的时态不受主句谓语动词时态的限制,习惯上使用一般现在时。例如: The maths teacher said that one and one is two. The geography teacher told us the earth is round.
(三)连接词的选用
1. 由陈述句变化而来的宾语从句常用 that 引导, that 本身无意义,在从句中不作任何句子成分,在口语或非正式文体中, that 常被省略。例如: He has come back from ShangHai. I don’t know. → I don’t know ( that ) he has come back from Shanghai.
2. 由一般疑问句变化而来的宾语从句,要用 if 或 whether 引导, if 或 whether 意为“是否”,在从句中不作任何句子成分。例如: Will it rain tomorrow? Nobody knows. → Nobody knows if / whether it will rain tomorrow.
3. 由特殊疑问句变化而来的宾语从句,其疑问词不变,不再增加其它连接词。这时引导宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词(疑问词)仍保持原来的词义,在从句中充当一定的句子成分。例如: Where does he live? Do you know? → Do you know where he lives?
(四)含有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号
含有宾语从句的主从复合句的句末的标点符号是由主句的句式决定的。若主句是陈述句,句末用句号;若主句是疑问句,句末用问号。例如: I know what his name is. Do you know what his name is?
(五)含有宾语从句的主从复合句的语调
含有宾语从句的主从复合句要根据主句的句式来确定语调。若主句是陈述句,句末用降调;若主句是一般疑问句,句末用升调。例如: I know why they ↓ come. Do you know why they ↑ come?
(六)宾语从句的否定
当主句的谓语动词是 believe, think, suppose 等动词时,若宾语从句表示否定意义,常常将否定词转移到主句的谓语部分中去,从句仍用肯定形式,这叫作否定的转移。例如: I don’t think it is going to rain.
在教学中我都是反复斟酌学生的生活环境,生活经验,学习兴趣和英语水平,努力调整教学方式,大胆取舍教学内容,力求满足不同类型和不同层次的学生的需求,让每个学生在学习英语的过程中都能感受成功,从而形成积极的学习态度。