八年级英语导学案 Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?

八年级英语
Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?
第一课时（SectionA1a-2c）
【学习目标】
Talk about how long you have been doing things
谈论你做某事有多长时间了
Present perfect progressive tense
现在完成进行时
【学习重难点】
1.Knowledge Objects
(1)Key vocabulary
inline skating; marathon; skate; shell; collect
(2)Key structures
—How long have you been skating?
—I’ve been skating for five hours.
(3)Listening practice
Pairwork
2.Ability Object
To train students’ ability of listening and speaking.
3.Sensibility and Value
To be interested in communicating in English.
The use of Present perfect progressive tense
现在完成进行时的使用
【课前预习】
(1)In the first period Section A opens with a picture. The picture introduces the target language for students to practice the new language.
All activities in this period introduce the key vocabulary and the target language. Activity 1c provides guided oral practice. Students can improve their listening and speaking skills.
(2)In the second period all activities provide listening and speaking practice. Students can improve their listening and speaking skills by doing these activities. At the bottom of this page, there is a grammar focus box. It provides students with a clear revision of present perfect progressive and simple past tense.
(3)All activities in the third period provide reading, writing and speaking practice using the target language in this unit. Pairwork and groupwork present an opportunity for students to measure their vocabulary production against their comprehension and encourage students to use the names of the sports to discuss their own experiences. Students can improve their integrating skills.
1. collect ____ 2.shell_____ 3.pair_____ 4.skate_____
5. since_____ 6.Hilltop School_____ 7.多久_____
8. 一双_____
【展示交流】
翻译下列句子（一空一词）
1. 你弟弟集邮多久了？
____ ____ has your brother _____ _____ stamps?
2. 你们昨天何时开始上的课？
When ____ you ____ _____ yesterday?
3. 这是我第一次参加马拉松滑冰赛。
It was my _____ _____ marathon.
4. 自从我五岁时起，我就开始学画画了。
I ____ been ____ to draw ____Ｉwas five ____ old.
5. 我已等了他两个小时了
I _____ _____ waiting ____ him for two ____.
【合作探究】
现在完成进行时与一般过去时的区别：
　　(1) 现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能还要继续下去，侧重的是动作的持续进行。与for/since短语和since从句连用。
　　(2) 一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，和现在没有联系，只和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Friday, three days ago, in 1998等。
　　I have been skating for five hours.
　　（一直都在滑，现在还在滑，有可能会继续滑下去）
　　I skated for five hours. （过去滑过5个小时，与现在无关。）
【达标拓展】
have been in, have gone to与 have been to 如何使用？
解答：三者都是现在完成时态。“have\has been in + 地点”表示某人在某处呆了多长时间；
“have\has gone to +地点”则表示到某出去了，人还未回来；“have\has been to +地点”
表示去过某处，现在已经回来了，不在那里了。例如：
He has been in Taiyuan for two years. 他在太原两年了。
He has gone to Taiyuan. 他去太原了。（现在在太原活在途中）
He has been to Taiyuan. 他去过太原。 (现在不在太原)
【当堂检测】
用since和for填空。
1. The baby has been sleeping _____ mother came in.
2. The boy has been collecting toy cars ____ two years.
3. We have been in Taiyuan _____ ten years.
4. Alison has been reading _____ seven o’clock am.
你的收获：
________________________________________________________________

Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?
第二课时（3a---2c）
【学习目标】
Talk about how long you have been doing things
谈论你做某事有多长时间了
Present perfect progressive tense
现在完成进行时
【学习重难点】
The different between Present perfect progressive tense and Present perfect tense
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
【课前预习】
Step Ⅰ
Ask a pair of students to say their conversation.
S1:How long has Victor been skating?
S2:He’s been skating for five hours.
S1:How long did Celia skate?
S2:She skated for two hours.
T:Very good. Thank you.
Step Ⅱ
Show the new words on the screen. Read the new words to the class and ask them to repeat.Make sure every student can understand the meanings of the new words.
since conj. 自……以后；自从
pair n. 一双；一对；一副
a pair of 一双；一对；一副
Step Ⅲ 2a
This activity gives students practice in understanding the target language in spoken conversation.
I.改正下列句子错误之处，每句有一处。
1. He is talking for your mother. ( )
2. Tom was the first one come to the classroom today. ( )
3. He went shopping two days before. ( )
4. Which sport do you play? ( )
5. He has been learning skating for three and half years. ( )
【展示交流】
I.补全对话。
A: Hi, Sam. What sport _______?
B: Skating.
A:______ to skate?
B: When I was five.
A: So __________?
B: Two and a half years.
A: _____________ every day?
B: Yes, I do.
A: When did you get your first pair of skates?
B: _________ on my birthday from my mother.
【合作探究】
1) I'd like to collect stamps because they are interesting．
　(1)would like to do表示“想要做某事”。
　Would you like to come to join my birthday party?
　(2)collect意为“收集，搜集”，常用作及物动词，后跟名词或代词作宾语。
　I like collecting all kinds Of Chinese stamps very much．
2)Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster．
　(1)thanks for…相当于thank you for…意为“为……感谢你”，后多跟名词短语或动名词。
　Thanks for your last letter. 谢谢你的上封来信。
　(2)send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 表示“送给某人某物”
　He sent me a present for my birthday.
　　He sent a present to me for my birthday．我过生日他送了我一件礼物。
　3)By the way，what's your hobby? 顺便提一下，你的个人爱好是什么?
　　by the way在句中作插入语。介词短语by the way意思是“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。
　　By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?
【达标拓展】
Ago和before都表示以前，他们有什么区别吗？
解答：ago指从现在算起“．．．以前”，常与一般过去时连用，before指从过去某时起“…以前”，常与完成时连用。例如：
It happened two days ago.
I have seen you before, but I can’t remember where.
They have seen that TV play long before.
【当堂检测】
I.单项选择。
( ) 1. I collect shells ____ they are beautiful.
A. when B. because C. what
( ) 2. He’s been collecting shells ____ he was five years old.
A. for B. since C. of
( ) 3. How many _____ have you got?
A. child B children C childs
( ) 4. Are these stuffed animals all ____?
A. you B. your C. yours
( ) 5. Which subject do you like ____?
A. good B. better C best
你的收获：
Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?
第三课时（SectionB3a---4b）
【学习目标】
1) 单词与短语stamp, kite, monster, globe, anyone, store, cake, particularly, collector, common, run out of, by the way
2)目标句型：1. What do you collect?
2. When did you start?
3. How many do you have?
4. What do you like to collect in the future?
　　 5. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
【学习重难点】
Present perfect progressive tense
现在完成进行时。
【课前预习】
1) run out vi.用尽，物作主语，The money is running out.(快用完了)
Our time is running out. www.xkb1.com
run out of + 宾语，人作主语，We are running out of money.
2) with, (with + n. +介词短语/adv./adj./分词)
①后置定语，globes with animals, a girl with curly hair,
The woman with a baby in her arms is Lily’s mother.
I like mooncakes with nuts in it.
②伴随状语，She left with tears in her eyes.
She fell asleep with the light on.
3)room U
空间，地方=space, There is only standing room in the bus.
The piano takes up a lot of room.
make room for……， 给……腾出地方 Please make room for me.
【展示交流】
Ⅰ.用since或for填空
1. The child has been crying __________ her mother left.
2. We have been playing tennis__________five years.
3. The girl skated ____________ two hours.
4. It has been raining ____________ a whole day.
5. We have known each other__________ we were children.
Ⅱ. 根据所给句子的意思和首字母写单词
1. d_________say what sb./sth. is like
2. r _________bring or collect sth. together
3. c__________the person who collects thing as hobbies and so on
4. s_________ give a part of sth. to others
5. f _________the person from another country
【合作探究】
Ⅲ.单项选择
( )1. This kind of illness is ____________ these days.
A. many B. much C. most D. common
( )2. I’ve____________here all afternoon.
A. sat B. sit C. sitting D. been sitting
( )3. He has been____________for his credit card for an hour.
A. looks B. looked. C. looking D. to look
( ) 4. Mike learns a lot about internet , and____________.
A. I don’t ,either B. so do I C. so am I D. I am ,too
( ) 5. Do you know if __________back next week? If he__________ back ,please let me know.
A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes D. will he come , will come
【达标拓展】
( ) 6. Every day I spend two hours my homework.
A. finishing to do B. finishing doing
C. to finish to do D. to finish doing
( ) 7. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
( ) 8. My mom says___________I have to stop , because we have run out of room to store them.
A. that B. where C. if D. what
( ) 9. He has been watching English movies about two months.
A. since B. for C. in D. during
( ) 10. My aunt arrived here _____________ a warm spring morning.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
【当堂检测】
( ) 11. Hurry up ,___________ you’ll be late for class.
A. but B. or C. and D.if
( ) 12. It’s time for supper now. Let’s_____it.
A. stop having B. stop to have
C. to stop to have D. stopping to have
( ) 13. There are many tall green trees on ________ side of the street.
A. either B. both C. all D. every
( ) 14——Must I go with them tomorrow?
——No , you___________
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
( ) 15. I’ll do my__________ to help him finish the work.
A. good B. well C. best
你的收获：
_____________________________________________
Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?
第四课时（Self Check）
【学习目标】
1) Present perfect progressive
2) Simple past tense
3) Present progressive tense

【学习重难点】
区分过去进行时，一般过去时和现在进行时
【课前预习】
单词及短语：extra, coin, topic, been, writer, be interested in, a talent show,
Win the first prize, finish doing sth.. with a very colorful history.
European influence, more than= over, were welcomed by,
Enjoy doing sth. far from, near to
句型： —What does Bob collect?
—He collects kites.
—How long has he been collecting kites?
—He’s been collecting kites since he was ten years old.

【展示交流】
“the…the…”结构：
在此结构中，the后连接形容词或副词的比较级，即：the+（形容词，副词）比较级…
The+（形容词，副词）比较级…,该结构意为“越…就越…”。两个比较级前用定冠词the
分别引导一个分句，前一分句常做状语，表示条件，后一分句则表示结果，两个句子属因果关系。如：
The sooner, the better.
【合作探究】
现在完成时的几种句型：
a. 肯定句：主语+have\has been + 动词的现在分词。如：
I’ve been sitting here all afternoon.
我在这儿坐了一下午。

b. 否定句：主语+have\has not been + 动词的现在分词。 如：
He has not been teaching here these years.
这些年他并没有在这儿一直教书。
c. 一般疑问句及其回答：Have\Has +主语+ been+动词的现在分词
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have\has;
否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t (hasn’t) . 如：
Has she been working here all day?
她一整天都在这儿工作吗？
Yes, she has. 是的
No, she hasn’t. 不，她没有。
d. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：
What book have you been reading recently?
最近你在看什么书？
【达标拓展】
Self check 1 and 2
These two activities focus on vocabulary introduced in the unit.
Say, first check the words and phrases you know.Then write five new words or phrases in your Vocab-builder.
Get students to make their own sentences with the words, preferably sentences that are meaningful.
Write a number of students’ answers for each word on the board. Underline any mistakes and ask students to suggest how to correct the mistake.
Answers
1.Our class is organizing a talent show to raise money for charity.
2.I need extra English lessons. Do you know a good teacher?
3.My hobby is collecting old coins.
4.I didn’t finish writing my test because I ran out of time.
5.During the winter I store my summer clothes in bags under my bed.

【当堂检测】
Ⅳ.选用所给词的适当形式填空
start , leave , have , bring , spend , play , laugh , make , good , interest
1. Bill ________ to play with computers at the age of 13.
He________with computers for around one and a half years.
2. His father is very ________ in playing bridge(打桥牌).
3. He said he was sure he could make him___________.
4. In a few days he’ll ___________for London.
5. He __________ half an hour on his homework at home every day.
6. She isn’t so __________ at math as you are.
7. Did you finish __________ the kite yesterday? I want __________ a look.
8. In England your food ________ to you on your own plate.

你的收获：
__________________________________

Unit7 How long have you been collecting shells?
第五课时（Reading）
【学习目标】
1.Knowledge Objects
Reading:I’ve been studying history in China.
2.Ability Objects
To train students' reading comprehension ability.
To train students how to use the strategy of reading.
3.Sensibility and Value
To be interested in learning about Chinese history and Western history.
【学习重难点】
Ⅱ.Teaching Key Points
Key vocabulary.
Section 1.
Section 2.
Ⅲ.Teaching Difficulties
Section 3.
Section 4.
【课前预习】
Step Ⅰ
Ask students to read the new words one by one. Correct any mistakes. Then read the new words and ask students to repeat. Make sure students know the meanings.
Step Ⅱ
Section 1 Before You Read
Groupwork
First ask students How much do you know about history?Then let students discuss these questions in groups.
1.How many Chinese dynasties can you think of?
2.How many famous characters from Chinese history can you think of?Make a list.
3.Can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries?Make a list.
Read the title I’ve been studying history in China to the class.Get students to predict what they think the article is about,according to the title.
【展示交流】
Section 2 While You Read
Reading strategy
Let students scan the text quickly to find details that they are looking for.Tell students they can find information quickly without reading the whole text.
Play the tape for students and ask students to read the text.
Step Ⅳ
Section 3 After You Read
3a
Ask students to go through the reading again. Then have them complete the sentences below.
1.Leo has been teaching in China for __________.
2.Some buildings in Harbin are __________.
3.The __________ welcomed the first Jewish settlers to China.
4.In Australia,students usually study __________ and __________ history.
5.The more Leo learns about __________,the more he enjoys __________ in China.
【合作探究】
3b. Groupwork
Divide students into groups of three.
Show the conversations in 3b on the screen.
Ask students to practice the conversations, then let them make their own conversations according to 3b.
3c
Ask students to make their own conversations in groups.Student A tells a plan.Student B says what will happen if they carry out the plan.Student C reports what was said.Then get some groups to act out their conversations.
【达标拓展】
Section 4 Go for it!
First ask students,What problems might you have living in a foreign country? and What problems do you think a foreigner might have in China?Let students discuss with their partners.
Then have students complete the chart according to their discussion and the examples.
This class we’ve practised some reading and writing.And we’ve learned something about Chinese history and Australian history.
Are you interested in history?Which foreign country are you interested in?
I hope you learn something more about our history and study hard to make our country stronger and more beautiful in the future.
你的收获：
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