高二上学期期末考试
英语试卷
(总分:150分 时间:120分钟)
第I卷(共95分)
(请将答案填涂在答题卡上)
第一部分:听力 (共两节,满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有十秒钟时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
What’s the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Teacher and student. C. Husband and wife.
Why does David go shopping?
The weather is great. B. He wants to buy a gift. C. It’s his father’s birthday.
When did Alice probably go to London?
A. Yesterday. B. Two days ago. C. Four days ago.
What’s the man going to do?
A. Organize a show. B. Help his teacher. C. Give some suggestions.
What was the woman doing yesterday afternoon?
A. Answering the phone. B. Writing a report. C. Cleaning her room.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面五段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳选项。并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟;听完后,各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题
What is Peter wearing today? [来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]
A. A shirt. B. A jacket. C. A suit. [来源:学科网ZXXK]
What’s Peter’s speech about this time?
A. European paintings. B. European films. C. Chinese movies.
When will Peter give the speech?
A. This afternoon. B. This Tuesday. C. This Thursday.
听第7段材料,回答第9至11题
What do you think Daniel is doing now?
A. Enjoying walking. B. Drinking. C. Giving a call.
What has Daniel prepared for the parade (游行)?
A. Juice. B. A costume (服装). C. Cheese.
Who will go to church today?
A. Daniel and his father. B. Daniel and Tina. C. Tina herself.
听第8段材料,回答第12至14题
Why is the girl complaining?
A. She gets home late.
B. She has to do lots of homework.
C. She forgets the show.
What does the boy think of their teacher?
A. Boring. B. Active. C. Happy.
what’s the girl probably going to do after the conversation?
A. Watch TV. B. Do homework. C. Take a shower (淋浴).
听第9段材料,回答第15至17题
When could they go to the exhibition?
A. This Friday. B. Next Monday. C. Next Saturday.
What’s the exhibition about?
A. Robots. B. The Internet. C. Toys.
Who will go to the exhibition?
A. Jack and his brother. B. Sandy and her brother. C. Sandy and Jack.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题
What does the government encourage the kids to do?
A. Do homework online. B. Learn online skills. C. Make money online.
What does the government do to help?
A. Pay some of the bills. B. Set up online centers. C. Communicate with the kids.
What does the government think of people who don’t have the Internet?
A. They will be left behind (落后).
B. They will save some money.
C. They can enjoy modern life, too.
第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
--- How did you like Nick’s performance last night?
--- To be honest, his singing didn’t ___to me much
A. accustom B. appeal C. occur D. refer
___ we know some basic knowledge concerning AIDS, we can protect ourselves from being infected.
A. If only B. Even if C. So long as D. Unless
____ of time and energy have been spent in making the earthquake-stricken areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be.
A. A great deal B. A good many C. Large numbers D. Large quantities
John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. tells B. told C. should tell D. had told
So difficult did I find ___ to work out the problem that I decided to ask my partner for help.
A. myself B. us C. it D. that
26. There was a long queue for coffee. Having waited for 10 minutes, we ____ gave up.
A. absolutely B. actually C. eventually D. occasionally
27. ____ the fog, we should have reached our school in time.
A. But for B. Due to C. In case of D. In spite of
28. Why do we have to ____ Joan’s selfish behavior? She should learn to care for others.
A. be addicted to B. be opposed of C. get rid of D. put up with
29. ____ himself with necessary knowledge and skills, Tom went to the job market with much confidence.
A. Equipped B. Equipping C. Having equipped D. Being equipped
30. I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. taking B. to take C. being taken D. to be taken[来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K]
31. I don’t mind her blaming me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
32. —I’m feeling terrible and lonely all the time, what should I do?
—______! Try to talk to your friends, and take good care of your health.
A. Go ahead B. Take it easy C. That’s right D. Don’t mention it
33. Jack is late again. It is ____ of him to keep others waiting.
A. aggressive B. appropriate C. desperate D. typical
34. He accidentally _____ he had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
A. let out B. tried out C. ran out D. made out
35. Under no circumstances, he was warned, _____ to give the password to someone else.
A. he was B. was he C. he could D. could he
第二节 完型填空 (共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)
Tong Shiqiang rushed into a kindergarten behind his primary school several times, carrying a __36__ of kids each time he rushed out of their classroom on that fateful(灾难的)day. Only 14 years old and 1.5m tall, Tong can now __37__ a national bravery award for saving seven children.
The grade-6 student was __38__ a Chinese language class in Zhongwang Primary School in Qishan village of Longnan city, one of the worst-hit areas in Gansu province, __39__ the deadly quake struck on May 12,2008. There were 49 __40__ students in his class at the time.
"Windows began rattling(嘎嘎响)and it __41__ as if lots of bees were singing underground," __42__ Tong Shuangxi, Tong Shiqiang's teacher and uncle. "The sound grew __43__ ... and then I __44__ it was an earthquake."
The teacher cried: " __45__ out!" All the students ran out of the room immediately.
__46__ outside, Tong Shuangxi rushed toward the kindergarten where the children __47__ a nap (午睡). Tong Shiqiang ran with him.
Only three of the kids had __48__ to run out of their room when they __49__ the building. The rest were crying, too __50__ to move. It __51__ less than three minutes for them to carry out all the five- and six-year-olds to __52__.
__53__ whether all the kids had been saved, Tong and his nephew had __54__ begun checking the name list when the classroom's walls fell down. "That's the only time I was scared," said Tong Shiqiang.
The 14-year-old is __55__ to be nominated (提名) for the child hero award, to be given by the Ministry of Education and the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Youth League.
36. A. score B. dozen C. couple D. number
37. A. beat B. win C. show D. give
38. A. listening B. hearing C. giving D. attending
39. A. when B. while C. where D. which
40. A. another B. other C. others D. the other
41. A. looked B. turned C. appeared D. seemed
42. A. reminds B. remains C. recalls D. remarks
43. A. alouder B. weaker C. clearer D. louder
44. A. realized B. found C. thought D. recognized
45. A. Nobody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Anybody
46. A. once B. Before C. Since D. After
47. A. were having B. have C. had D. having had
48. A. tried B. wanted C. managed D. attempted
49. A. arrived B. reached C. got D. escaped
50. A. surprised B. moved C. frightened D. excited
51. A. paid B. spent C. cost D. took
52. A. safety B. classroom C. yard D. hospital
53. A. No problem B. No wonder C. Not sure D. Not know
54. A. ever B. just C. never D. even
55. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. maybe
第三部分:阅读理解(共15 小题,每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上涂黑。
A
LIPITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]
Lipitor is a prescription medicine.Along with diet and exercise, it lowers(降低)"bad" cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood.It can also raise "good" cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR:
●People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise
●Adults and children over 10
Who should NOT take DIPITOR:
●Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant.Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.
●Women who are breast-feeding.Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.
●People with liver(肝脏) problems
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people:
●Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney (肾脏) problems, including kidney failure
●Liver problems.Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.
Call your doctor right away if you have:
●Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired
●Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing
●Stomach pain
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are:
●Muscle pain
●Upset stomach
●Changes in some blood tests
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO:
●Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.
●Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.
●Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.
●If you miss a dose(一剂), take it as soon as you remember.But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait.Take the next dose at your regular time.
Don't:
●Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.
●Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
56. Taking Lipitor is helpful for _______________.
A. women who are pregnant B. teenagers with liver problems
C. breast-feeding women D. adults having heart disease
57. If it has been 7 hours since you missed a dose, you should ____________.
A. eat more when taking your next dose
B. have a dose as soon as you remember
C. take the next dose at your regular time
D. change the amount of your next dose
58. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?
A.Throat swelling. B.Upset stomach.
C.Kidney failure. D.Muscle weakness.
59. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To teach patients ways for quick recovery.
B.To show the importance of a good lifestyle.
C.To give information about a kind of medicine.
D.To present a report on a scientific research.
B
Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature. However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.
Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses(球场) in good condition. This causes major environmental effects. For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.
There are many environment-friendly sports. Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don’t have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit. If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones. Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.
Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces. There is no special requirement for you to start your membership. And best of all, it’s free.
60. Which of the following is the author most probably in favor of?
A. Cycling around a lake. B. Motor racing in the desert.
C. Playing basketball in a gym. D. Swimming in a sports center.
61. What do we know about golf from the passage?
A. It is popular in Portugal and Spain.
B. It causes water shortages in some areas.
C. It pollutes the earth with chemicals and wastes.
D. It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.
62. The author writes the passage to_______.
A. show us the function of major sports
B. introduce different types of environment-friendly sports
C. discuss the major influence of popular sports
D. encourage us to go in for green sports
C
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.
He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm(群) of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and seemed to be heading angrily towards him.
With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was allergic to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital —and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.”
On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. “Bees don’t like smoke,” he thought. “They couldn’t get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but he knew he could not reach the house in time. The bees would catch up with him soon.
Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to water his vegetable garden. He got off his bike and into the cool water, disappearing below the surface. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope(坡) and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.
“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover,” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic!” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.
63. Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?
A. He was riding to school.
B. He was listening to a strange sound.
C. He was going fishing with his father.
D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.
64. How did Andy avoid the bees in the end?
A. He asked Mr. Nelson for help. B. He hid himself under the water.
C. He rushed into the Nelson house. D. He rode off in the opposite direction.
65. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage?
A. They crowded like a black cloud. B. They shocked and terrified Andy.
C. They made Andy stay in hospital. D. They were coming towards Andy.
66. Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees?
A. No pains, no gains. B. Once bitten, twice shy.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. One’s mind works faster in an emergency.
D
To what degree can a computer achieve intelligence?The answer to this question may lie in a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet.
If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kid’s huge memory. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season.
He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers. A question about Smarter Child’s age returns. “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asking where he lives gets, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.”
Smarter Child uses the vast information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www.intellicast.com.
Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, if Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer David in the movie A. I. Artificial Intelligence, he must overcome two problems.
The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are labeled in different ways. That’s why programmers need to tell Smarter Child where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself.
Another problem is that while Smarter Child can process information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks common sense—a basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious to any young child.
67.From the text we can infer that www.intellicast.com is a website .
A.where we people can find Smarter Child
B.which is specially designed to help Smarter Child
C.where weather forecasts are made
D.which is about artificial intelligence
68.It is probably most difficult for Smarter Child to .
A.learn the ability to tell right behaviors from wrong ones.
B.tell us how to spell a difficult word
C.provide us with a famous poem by Shakespeare
D.tell us how the American government is run
69.The underlined “it ” in Paragraph 6 refers to ________.
A.where to look for the weather B.Smarter Child.
C.a much more difficult task D.to read web pages
70.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A.A New Web Child B.Intelligence Development
C.Smarter Child D.The Future of Internet
第 II 卷
(共55分)
(请将答案填写在答案卷上)
知识运用
I. 用适当的介词或副词填空:(每小题0.5分,共5分)
There is no known cure _________ the disease.
All houses within 100 meters of the sea are ____________ the risk of flooding.
A teacher should not show preference ____________ any one of his pupils.
People here have a more relaxed attitude __________ their work.
Where can I exchange my dollars ________ pounds?
Janet has been _______ a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.
There are several different models to choose _________.
The heights of the plants vary _______ 8 cm to 20 cm.
The terrible car accident resulted _______ his drinking.
The closure of the factory will cause severe damage ______ the local economy.
II. 用下列方框中所给词组的适当形式填空: (每小题1分,共7分)
1. This anti-smoking campaign mainly ____________________ young people gets more and more attention.
2. It is demanded that the students _________________________ (not) any important details while retelling the story.
3. The central fiancé has handed out 6.3 billion yuan to help local governments solve the problems ___________________ the snow disaster.
4. He ___________________________ losing his own life and saved my life in the cold water.
5. The people who _____________________the government’s building a new hall in the neighborhood went on a strike today.
6. If the bottle of gas catches fire, the whole building may _____________________________.
7. When __________________________________, be sure to keep calm.
III、根据汉语意思完成下列句子 (每空1分,共8分)
如果没有发现透视法,现在我们就不能够欣赏到许多那个时代的名作。
If the rules of perspective , we appreciate many great masterpieces of that time now.
第一批在户外作画的是印象派画家。他们被认为是“现代艺术”的开创者。
The first painters outdoors were the Impressionists, who the beginners of what we call “modern art”.
3. 他多么希望自己是一个教育家!
How he wishes .
如果你能用电子邮件把文件发给我,我会非常感激的。
I if you could send me the document by e-mail.
5. 成功不是绝对的,失败也不是致命的;勇气才是最重要的。(强调句)
Success is never final; failure is never fatal; .
虽然到现在我研究火山已经很多年了,但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已。
___________ volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
IV. 短文填词 (共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
Changbaishan stands in Jilin Province, northeast China. It is famous
for its thick forest, China’s largest _____________ (自然) reserve, which 1. ___________
is _____________ to wildlife. Every year, Changbaishan attracts tourists 2. ___________
from all over the world to enjoy v_______________ of unique rare plants 3. ___________
and animals. Besides, visitors to Changbaishan are also rewarded _______ 4. ___________
the beautiful s__________ of Tianchi, once the crater of a volcano. However, 5. ___________
_____________ is no need to worry about the volcano, for it is a dead one. 6. ___________
The winter here is f________________ cold. The most interesting thing about 7. ___________
Tianchi is a beautiful story c____________ the father of the Manchu people, 8. ___________
who is said to have been born by a young woman from heaven _______ (沐浴) 9.__________
in the deep lake. The story is told to convey the message ______ the Manchu 10. __________
people are clever.
第四部分:书面表达(共25分)
春节即将到来,人们往往在此期间休息调整、休闲娱乐、走亲访友举行家庭聚会,但也往往忽略健康、环保以及安全问题。请你作为《二十一世纪报》的编辑写一封至全体中学生的公开信,呼吁他们注意以下问题。
1、 适当休息,完成作业,养成良好的生活习惯
2、 提醒亲友(1)勿抽烟、饮酒过度等,晓其以弊
(2)日常生活和外出如何做到环保、节能、低碳,以及防火、防灾。
要求:(1)公开信应包括以上要点,可适当增加
(2)字数:120词左右(开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数)
Dear friends,
It’s so nice that the winter vocation is drawing near, announcing the approach of the Spring Festival. As we know, the Spring Festival is a time for us Chinese to have a good rest as well as a family get-together. But at the same time people may forget the problem of health, environment protection and safety. Here I have some suggestions for all of you.
As for yourselves, __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Wish all of you a happy, healthy and green Spring Festival!
The Editor
高二上学期期末考试
英语答案
Keys
卷一 1 – 20:CBCAB/ CBABB/ ABACB/ ACBBA 21- 35:BCDDC CADCC ABDAB
36-55: CBDAB/ DCDAB/ AACBC/ DACBC
56-59: DBBC 60-62:ABD 63-66:DBCD 67-70: CAAC
卷二
I. 用适当的介词填空
1. for 2. at 3. for 4. to/towards 5. for 6. under 7. from 8. from 9. from 10. to
II. 用下列方框中所给词组的适当形式填空
1. aimed at 2. (should) not leave out 3. due to 4. took the risk of
5. were opposed to 6. be burned to the ground 7. getting into trouble
III. 翻译 1 had not been discovered/ found, would not be able to
2. to work/ paint, are accepted as/ are thought of as/ are looked on/ upon as
3. (that) he were/ was an educator. / to be an educator 4. I would appreciate it
5. it is courage that counts/ is important. 6. Having studied/ Although I have studied Listening texts
Text 1
M: Shall we go to Hainan for a holiday? [来源:Zxxk.Com]
W: Good idea! We can take the children with us. But I hope they won’t be noisy.
Text 2
W: Nice weather! David, do you want to go to the shopping mall with me?
M: That sounds great! I’m going to buy a gift for my mother. It’s her birthday.
Text 3
M: Hi, Alice! When did you come back from London?
W: I arrived the day before y esterday. I had been there for two days.
Text 4
M: I’m afraid I don’t know how to organize a charity show.
W: Don’t worry. Our teacher will come to help. She will give you some suggestions.
Text 5
M: I called you yesterday afternoon, but you didn’t answer. Where were you?
W: I was writing a report in another room when you called. I didn’t hear the phone until it was too late.
Text 6
M: Hi, Dr. Lee. How are you doing?
W: Very well. Thank you. Oh, Peter, you look great today. Your suit is perfect. Everything matches perfectly.
M: Thank you. Today is special for me. You remember?
W: Oh, yes. You’re going to give a speech about European films.
M: Yes. I’ve given the speech about European paintings. Now, it’s “movie time”!
W: I heard that speech last Tuesday. It was amazing. I’m sure you’re going to give another excellent speech this afternoon.
M: Thank you. I hope so.
Text 7
W: Happy New Year, Daniel.
M: Happy New Year, Tina. Come and enjoy some nice drinks with us! [来源:学科网ZXXK]
W: Oh, thank you. I’d like some orange juice. By the way, what are you going to do today?
M: First, I’m going to get ready for the parade. I have a great costume. Then later today, I’m going to church. If you want, I can give you a costume and you can be in the parade, too. It’ll be fun. You should come.
W: It sounds like fun. Why are you going to church?
M: My father likes to go and I will go with him.
Text 8
M: Home at last. Tonight we have a lot of homework to do.
W: Are you saying we don’t have time to watch our favorite show tonight? Tom, you know I really don’t like our teacher. He gives us too much homework.
M: To tell the truth. I don’t like him, either. He’s kind of boring and not very active. He always looks unhappy as well.
W: Yes, and he also …
M: Do you think we should be talking about him like this behind his back?
W: Probably not. After all, he is our teacher. We should try to find something nice to say.
M: I agree. It’s getting dark. We should finish our homework now.
W: All right. I want to take a shower first. I’m tired.
Text 9
W: Do you know there will be robot exhibition in the city , Jack?
M: Really? What exciting news!
W: Maybe we can go and have a look.
M: I can’t wait for it. When will it be held, Sandy?
W: It starts this Saturday. It will last four days.
M: Where will it be held?
W: It will be held at the International Exhibition Center.
M: I will go there. And it would be great fun if we could buy a robot toy. How much do you think it may cost?
W: I’ve got no idea. But I want to buy one for my little brother, too, since he can’t go with us. If the price is high, we can just enjoy watching the robots.
M: You’re right.
Text 10
More than one and a half million kids live in homes without the internet. The UK government wants to do something to change this. It says it’s important for kids to learn online skills in order to keep up with the modern world. Having the Internet can also help people save money., letting them search for bargains and paying bills online. So they’re setting up special online centers. People who don’t have the web at home can get online in those centers. As well as saving money, the Internet is now one of the main ways people communicate with each other. The government also believes that people who don’t have the Internet can get left behind their friends who do.