2010年高考英语虚拟语气知识清单和精题分析

一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：

1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：

If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.

If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.

2．if 省略句

在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如：

If I were at school again, I would study harder.

→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.

If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.

→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.

注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：

What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)

We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)

But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.

4．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词)

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)

A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）

I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)

Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. (独立主格结构)

二、虚拟语气在名词性从旬中的运用

1．用于宾语从句中

① 用于wish后面的宾语从句中

wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为:

过去时(表现在)

过去完成时(表过去)

could / would / might + 动词原形(表将来)

如：I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.

I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.

How I wish it weren't raining now.

② 用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand, order, require, insist, suggest, propose, advise等。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

宾语从句中的虚拟语气其结构为“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。如：  

He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.

The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospi      tal without delay.

They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.      

注意：当suggest表示“暗示、表明”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。如：

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

当insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，不用虚拟语气，应用陈述语气。如：

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

③ 在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式。如：

I would rather they didn't hear of the news.

2．用于主语从句中    

It is desired / suggested / proposed / necessary / important / strange / natural/ a pity + that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。如：

It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.

It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.                  

注意：以上句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：

It’s strange that he didn't come yesterday.

It’s a pity that you can't dance.

在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, request, advice等名词后的表语语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should + 动词原形”。如：

My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.

We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sight –seeing.

三、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though) 中

如果从句表示的动作指现在状况，则用过去时；

如果表示的动作发生在过去，则用过去完成时；

如果指将来的动作，则用过去将来时。如：

He looks as if he were an artist.

She speak a English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.

Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.

四、虚拟语气用于定语从句中

It is (high) time (that) … 句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或should + 动词原形（其中should不能省略）。此句型意为“（现在）该……”，用来表示提议。

It is (high) time that you went to school. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

It is (high ) time that we should start out.

五、用于if only引导的感叹句中

If only I were a flying bird!

= How I wish I were a flying bird!      

If only I had seen the film!   

= How I wish I had seen the film!

六、在含有If it were not for或If it had not been for条件句的虚拟语气中

If it were not for the rain, the crops would die.

If it had not been for your help, we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

= But for your help, …

= Without your help, …

= Had it not been for your help, …

七、口语交际中，虚拟语气的省略情况

若是一般过去时只保留did, could, were等助动词、情态动词或系动词；

若是过去完成时只保留had；

若是过去将来时只保留would / might。如：

一Have you found the answer to the question ?

一I wish I had.

I can't go to Suzhou with you, but I wish I would.     

 

练习试题：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

1.  You look so tired tonight.   It is time you ___.

  A.  go to sleep  B.  went to sleep  C.  go to bed  D.  went to bed

2.  “Why didn’t you buy a new car?”  “I would have bought one if I ___ enough money. ”

  A.  had   B.  have had  C.  would have   D.  had had

3.  I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.

  A.  finishing writing   B.  should finish the writing

 C.  finish writing  D.  finished writing

4.  If she could sew, ___. 

  A.  she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt

  D.  she would had made a coat

5.  ___ today, he would get there by Friday.

  A.  Would he leave   B.  Was he leaving C.  Were he to leave D.  If he leaves

6.  His doctor suggested that he ___ a short trip abroad.

  A.  will take  B.  would take  C.  take   D.  took

7.  The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, ___ at the station.

  A.  we’d meet them   B.  we’ll meet them 

C.  we’d have met them  D.  we’ve met them

8.  If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

  A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C.would be/ would pay  D.were/ would pay

9.  We might have failed if you ___ us a helping hand.

  A.  have not given  B. would not give  C.  had not given   D.  did not give

10.  The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.

  A.  has  B.  had  C.  have  D.  will have

11.  I wish ___ I busy yesterday; I could have helped you with the problem.

  A.  hadn’t been   B.  weren’t    C.  wasn’t   D.  have not been

12.  Had I known her name, ___. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

  A.  or does she know mine?  B.  and where does she live?

  C.  she would be beautiful    D.  I would have invited her to lunch

13.  He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ___ all about that.

  A.  know   B.  knows  C.  known   D.  knew

14.  If I ___ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.

  A.  possessed   B.  owned   C.  had   D.  had had

15.  I wish I ___ a young man again.

  A.  am   B.  was   C.  were   D.  will be

16.  The librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.

  A.  will take  B.  took   C.  take   D.  takes

17.  I left very early last night, but I wish I ___ so early.

  A.  didn’t   B.  hadn’t left   C.  haven’t left   D.  couldn’t leave

18.  I do not have a job.   I would find one but I ___ no time.

  A.  had   B.  didn’t have   C.  had had   D.  have

19.  I wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

  A.  hadn’t   B.  didn’t have had  C.  hadn’t had   D.  hadn’t have

20.  He insisted that we all ___ in his office at one o’clock.

  A.  be   B.  to be   C.  would be   D.  shall be

21.  If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

  A.  is to, should B.  were to, would C.  were going to, would

D.  was going to, should

22.  If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.

1. had listened, would have known  B.  listened, would know 

C.  listened, would have known      D.  had listened, would know

23.  But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago. 

  A.  would have died  B.  would die  C.  must have died  D.  must die

24.  ___ today, he would get there for holiday.

  A.  Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave  D. If he leaves

25.  I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.

  A.  didn’t know  B. hadn’t know  C. would have known  D. haven’t known

26.  It’s high time that we ___ to school.

  A.  would to  B.  went  C.  go  D.  will go

27.  It seems as if it ___ rain.

 A.  will to   B.  is going to  C.  is to  D.  were going to

28.  I’d rather you ___ right away.

  A.  leave   B.  left   C.  will leave  D.  to leave

29.  He is working hard for fear that he ___. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

  A.  fails   B.  failed  C.  would fail   D.  fail

30.  It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.

  A.  has been married  B.  has married  C.  be married  D.  would marry

31.  Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say?

  A.  accept   B.  accepted  C.  should accept   D.  would accept

32.  The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.

  A.  give  B.  should give  C.  be given   D.  would be given

33.  I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.

  A.  attended  B.  had attended  C.  would attend   D.  would have attended

34.  He insisted that he ___ me before.

  A.  see   B.  should see  C.  had seen  D.  saw

35.  The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.

  A.  were   B.  would be   C.  have been  D.  had been

36.  We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.

  A.  would have lost   B.  should lose  C.  might lose  D. could have lost

37.  ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

   ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.

  A.  don’t have  B.  didn’t have   C.  will not have   D.  would not have

38.  He wishes ___ mistakes.

  A.  he doesn’t always make   B.  he isn’t always making  

C.  he didn’t always make   D.  he wouldn’t always making

39.  It ___ very nice if only it were possible

  A.  will be  B.  would be   C.  is   D.  were

40.  Without your help, our team ___ the last match.

  A.  won’t win  B.  will lose  C.  wouldn’t have won  D.  can’t win

答案：

1.  d  2.  d  3.  c  4.  b 5.  c  6.  c  7.  c  8.  d  9.  c  10.  c 

11.  a  12.  d  13.  d  14.  d  15.  c  16.  c  17.  b  18.  d  19.  c  20.  a

21.B  22.  D  23.  A  24.  B  25.  A 26.  B 27.  B  28.  B  29.  D  30. C 

31.  B  32.  C  33.  D  34. C 35.  D  36.  A  37.  B  38.  C  39.  B  40.  C