（三） 复杂的简单句
并列句和复合句往往可以浓缩成复杂的简单句，使语言更为紧凑、多样。
1. 表示时间、让步或条件的状语从句往往可以改写为介词词组作状语。
1) They looked both ways before they crossed the street.
2) I made my decision after I talked to Sir Francis.
3) Although he was ill, he was determined to carry out his plan.
4) Although they’re intelligent, they aren’t doing well in school.
5) Although he’s rich, he isn’t very happy.
6) Although he’s tall, he isn’t a very good basketball player.
7) If we had your support, we might succeed in performing our task.
8) Even if there were air and water, plants still couldn’t grow on the moon.
9) If you don’t work hard, you will accomplish nothing.
10) If it had not been for their assistance, he would have found himself in trouble.
2. 起伴随或补充说明作用的从句、简单句或并列谓语往往可以改写为“with +名词+分词/形容词/介词词组”的结构作状语。
1) They wear layers of clothes even in summer time. Newspapers are stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2) If more people help them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3) As all his savings were gone, he started to look for a job.
4) In the corner there is a table. One of its legs is shorter than the others.
5) When the job was finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.
6) As the pace of change is quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines.
7) She looked in my face and tears streamed down her cheeks.
3. 还有另外一些从句或简单句也可以改写为介词词组作状语。
1) She won’t go home until she has taken the exam.
2) Because he had a bad leg, he couldn’t walk as fast as the others.
3) We are full aware that the situation is serious.
4) She hurried back to school for fear that she miss too many lessons.
5) We should not criticize Susan for what she has done. Instead, we ought to praise her for it.
6) Helen did not go straight home after school. She went to work as a waitress in a restaurant.
7) I am not going to send the book to Allan by post. I am going to take it to him myself.
8) Dr. Wilson did not go to New York yesterday to attend his daughter’s wedding. He flew to Florida for an emergency case.
4. 系表结构的定语从句往往可以改写为直接用形容词、介词词组或分词结构作定语。
1) I love girls who are intelligent
2) At the party, I got to know a professor who is in his thirties.
3) I hate to see letters that are written in pencil.
4) The substance, which was discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized medicine.
5) Among those who are taking part in the work, he is probably the most active.
5. 两个句子的主语一致时，其中一个往往可以改写成分词结构作状语。
1) Every one of us had been convinced that the project was feasible by the time we left the meeting.
2) As Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic he looked tired out.
3) They went hunting for hours, but when they returned they were empty-handed.
4) When he entered the office he was still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
5) Teenagers are pressured by school work. They are also encouraged by their peers. Under such circumstances, they resort to smoking.
6) College students now are primarily interested in grades and economic success. They cheat on exams more frequently.
6. 两个句子的主语相关但不一致时，其中一个句子往往可以改写成分词的独立结构作状语。
1) He sat in front of them. And his dusty face masked his age.
2) She heard a continual strange noise coming from the next room. Her heart beat fast.
3) The old beggar sat at the corner. Tears welled up in his eyes.
4) Jim continued on his way. The dog was jumping about in front of him.
5) The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile. Her long hair flowed in the breeze.
7. 解释性的语句往往可以改写成同位语。
1) This is Mr. Black. He is director of our hospital.
2) “Leave it to me,” said Peter. Peter was the man on duty.
3) Qinghai Lake is the largest inland body of salt water in China. It lies 3195 meters above sea level.
4) The whole plan was completed within three months. That is half the usual time.
5) He read all kinds of books. They were ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
6) He was formerly a worker himself. He is now an engineer.
7) She is a mother of three children. She has now entered a college again for further education.
（四） 倒装句
英语的句子在以下几种情况下可以倒装。
1．否定词位于句首时
1) I have never been to Europe.
2) He had hardly eaten anything before the dinner was over.
3) She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) Anne had arrived no sooner than she fell ill.
5) She cares little about what others say about her.
2．so, nor, neither等词位于句首，表明前句说明的情况也适用于本句时
1) Richard can speak Japanese. His sister can speak Japanese, too.
2) Copper is a good conductor. Many other metals are good conductors, too.
3) Paul could not dance, and he could not sing either.
4) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. And the wife did not say a word of welcome either.
3．含有so...that结构的句子将so引导的部分位于句首时
1) He was so excited that he could not go to sleep.
2) He spoke so forcefully at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) He worked so hard that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4．only引出的状语位于句首时
1) His father called his name only once.
2) The doctor realized only then that his patient needed surgery.
3) We can conclude the business only when you adjust down your price.
5．主语部分过长或上下文需要衔接时
1) The young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years was sitting in front of the counter.
2) The question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss is more
important.
3) The writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. The reading of literature, the copying
of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions are among them.
（五） 被动句
英语中被动句的使用远远多于汉语。以下几种情况英语都用被动语态：（1）不知道动作的执行者；（2）没有必要指出或不想指出动作的执行者；（3）虽然需要同时指出动作的执行者但更强调动作的承受者。
将下列句子改为被动形式。
1) They saw Joe’s father return after dark.
2) They do not allow you to smoke in the laboratory.
3) We should take effective measures to stop various forms of pollution.
4) When she was in Shanghai we heard the actress say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) People saw the young man enter the building next to the bank.
6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, people made him answer all sorts of questions.
7) I don’t think anyone can make Tom do what he dislikes.
8) I heard the wind roar through the trees.
9) What should one do in a case like this?
（六） 强调句
改写下列句子，强调划线部分。
1) Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
2) The author praises all that is progressive with genuine(真实的) feeling.
3) We could not cross the river because the water had risen.
4) Jim, a heartless fellow, was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night(在深夜).
Mrs. Williams didn't know anything about it until I told her.
句型写作练习答案
（一）并列句
1) It was a cold snowy day and he had no money left for food.
2) Hurry up or you’ll be late.
3) It rained heavily last night but I went to the show anyway.
4) I enjoy classical music, so does she.
5) He must be ill, for he is absent today.
6) Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
7) She is fat whereas her husband is thin.
8) She cannot read, neither can she write.
（二）复合句
1．
1) It is quite obvious that they need more help in English.
2) It is good news that she is still alive.
3) It doesn’t seem likely that she will come here.
4) What the children like the best in the zoo are the pandas.
5) What we are badly in need of is raw material.
2．
1) It’s a pity that he did not come earlier.
2) It is a well-known fact that smoking can cause lung cancer.
3) It is true that I encouraged him, but I didn’t actually help him.
4) It didn’t seem likely that they would ever keep their promise.
5) It was hard to understand why Prof. Hardy had singled out Mary for criticism.
3．
1) Can you tell me what kind of show they are putting on?
2) I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.
3) I am thinking how we can improve our study habits.
4) We are still uncertain whether Henry is the right person for the job.
5) Peter has always been in good health except that he has a slight headache sometimes.
6) He suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to take his notebook with him.
4.
1) I always took it for granted that I was far more intelligent than he was.
2) We all thought it a pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.
3) We consider it important that you should mind your manners.
4) He didn't want it known that he was too ill to go on working.
5) I regard it important that every one of you should finish your homework on time.
6) He took it for granted that his father would come to his help if he got into trouble.
7) We thought it highly probable that he might change his mind at the last minute.
8) I think it likely that the train will be delayed by the dense fog.
9) The doctor thinks it advisable that you should stop smoking.
5.
1) Could you show me what you have written?
2) This is what we should always keep in mind.
3) What they saw in China made a deep impression on them.
4) We must not put off till tomorrow what we can do today.
6.
1) Nothing could hide the fact that he is growing old.
2) The fact that he works hard does not necessarily mean that he is a competent leader.
3) I have a complacent feeling that I’m highly intelligent.
4) The explanation that he didn’t see the notice is unsatisfactory./ The explanation is unsatisfactory that he didn’t see the notice.
5) Most of us don’t agree with his view that there is no advantage in introducing the new method.
6) The news soon spread throughout the country that he won the first gold medal at the 23rd Olympic Games.
7) His suggestion that intelligence is a relative matter is not universally accepted./His suggestion is not universally accepted that intelligence is a relative matter.
8) He seconded my motion that the vote be postponed.
9) The fear that he might not be able to finish the work disturbed him greatly./ The fear disturbed him greatly that he might not be able to finish the work.
10) We expressed a hope that Mr. and Mrs. Morrison would come and visit China again.
11) I’ve come from Mr. Lin with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
12) There can be no doubt that Suzy is the right person for the job.
定语从句
1) I went to visit the American author who wrote a number of books about China.
2) I ate the soup my aunt prepared.
3) I have an arrangement with my bank, by which they let me use their money and repay them next month.
4) He sent her a letter, in which he said that he was sorry for what he had done to her.
5) Mr. Brown, who just came from Britain yesterday, will teach us accounting this term.
6) She is going to spend the winter holidays in Hainan, where she has some relatives.
7) The United States is known for its supermarkets, where huge quantities of all kinds of food and household articles are sold.
8) The story happened in late 19th century, when China is suffering from the invasion of western powers.
状语从句
1) Now that you’ve bought a new car, what are you going to do with the old one?
2) We’d better take the telescope with us in case it is needed.
3) We must hurry off, lest we should miss the bus.
4) The problem so very complicated that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it.
5) The aircraft was flying at such a high altitude that we could hardly see it.
6) I’ll lend you my computer on condition that you keep it in good shape.
7) You can go out as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night.
8) I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
9) However hard he tried, he could not do the job satisfactorily.
10) Whether it takes an hour or even a whole day, I shall find out the answer.
（三）复杂的简单句
1.
1) They looked both ways before they crossing the street.
2) I made my decision after talking to Sir Francis.
3) Despite/In spite of his illness, he was determined to carry out his plan.
4) Despite/In spite of their intelligence, they aren’t doing well in school.
5) Despite/In spite of his richness/wealth, he isn’t very happy.
6) Despite/In spite of his height, he isn’t a very good basketball player.
7) Without your support, we might succeed in performing our task.
8) Even with air and water, plants still couldn’t grow on the moon.
9) Without hard work, you will accomplish nothing.
10) But for their assistance, he would have found himself in trouble.
2.
1) They wear layers of clothes even in summer time, with newspapers stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather.
2) With more people helping them, they probably will be able to accomplish the task ahead of time.
3) With all his savings gone, he started to look for a job.
4) In the corner there is a table, with one of its legs shorter than the others.
5) With the job finished, we went to the seaside for a holiday.
6) With the pace of change quickening, more and more scientists find it hard to keep up with the latest developments even in their own disciplines.
7) She looked in my face with tears streaming down her cheeks.
3.
1) She won’t go home until after (taking) the exam.
2) Because of his bad leg, he couldn’t walk as fast as the others.
3) We are full aware of the seriousness of the situation.
4) She hurried back to school for fear of missing too many lessons.
5) Instead of criticizing Susan for what she has done, we ought to praise her for it.
6) Instead of going straight home after school, Helen went to work as a waitress in a restaurant.
7) Instead of going to send the book to Allan by post, I am going to take it to him myself.
8) Instead of going to New York yesterday to attend his daughter’s wedding, Dr. Wilson flew to Florida for an emergency case.
4.
1) I love intelligent girls.
2) At the party, I got to know a professor in his thirties.
3) I hate to see letters written in pencil.
4) The substance discovered almost by accident has revolutionized medicine.
5) Among those taking part in the work, he is probably the most active.
5.
1) Every one of us left the meeting convinced that the project was feasible.
2) Peter got home from the three-month-long journey to the Antarctic, looking tired out.
3) They went hunting for hours, but they returned empty-handed.
4) He entered the office, still annoyed by the way she spoke to him.
5) Pressured by school work and encouraged by their peers, teenagers resort to smoking.
6) Primarily interested in grades and economic success, college students now cheat on exams more frequently.
6.
1) He sat in front of them, his dusty face masking his age.
2) Hearing a continual strange noise coming from the next room, her heart beat fast.
3) The old beggar sat at the corner, tears welling up in his eyes.
4) Jim continued on his way, the dog jumping about in front of him.
5) The girl in the snapshot wore a broad smile, her long hair flowing in the breeze.
7.
1) This is Mr. Black, director of our hospital.
2) “Leave it to me,” said Peter, the man on duty.
3) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3195 meters above sea level.
4) The whole plan was completed within three months, half the usual time.
5) He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
6) Formerly a worker himself, he is now an engineer.
7) A mother of three children, she has now entered a college again for further education.
（四）倒装句
1．
1) Never have I been to Europe.
2) Hardly had he eaten anything when the dinner was over.
3) Scarcely had she fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.
4) No sooner had Anne arrived than she fell ill.
5) Little does she care about what others say about her.
2．
1) Richard can speak Japanese. So can his sister.
2) Copper is a good conductor. So are many other metals.
3) Paul could not dance. Nor could he sing.
4) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. Nor was the wife.
3．
1) So excited was he that he could not go to sleep.
2) So forcefully did he speak at the meeting that everyone present was convinced.
3) So hard did he work that he obtained his Ph. D. degree one year ahead of schedule.
4．
1) Only once did his father call his name.
2) Only then did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery.
3) Only when you adjust down your price can we conclude the business.
5．
1) Sitting in front of the counter was the young father who wished to purchase a life insurance policy and agreed to pay a sum of $200 per year for 40 years.
2) More important is the question of how to face the possibilities of illness, injury, death and financial loss.
3) Among them are the writing of a dictionary involves a number of tasks. The reading of literature, the copying of words on cards, the sorting of the cards and the writing of definitions.
（五）被动句
1) Joe’s father was seen to return after dark.
2) You are not allowed to smoke in the laboratory.
3) Effective measures should be taken to stop various forms of pollution.
4) When she was in Shanghai, the actress was heard to say she had long thought of the city as her second home.
5) The young man was seen to enter the building next to the bank.
6) After the minister of education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made to answer all sorts of questions.
7) I don’t think Tom can be made to do what he dislikes.
8) The wind was heard to roar through the trees.
9) What should be done in a case like this?
（六）强调句
1) It was Jefferson who wrote the Declaration of Independence.
2) It is with genuine feeling that the author praises all that is progressive.
3) It was because the water had risen that we could not cross the river.
4) It was Jim, a heartless fellow, who was heard shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
It was not until I told her that Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.