Unit 1 Past and present
Welcome to the unit
Teaching Aims:
Learn some expressions on transport at different times and arouse the Ss’ interest in learning this unit.
Step 1 Presentation
Present some pictures and lead in the topic of this unit.
Step 2 Listen and answer
Listen to the conversation between Eddie and Hobo and answer the following questions:
1. Where was Hobo’s food an hour ago?
2. Who has just eaten Hobo’s food?
3. What does Hobo think of Eddie?
Step 3 Read and act
Read and act the conversation.
Step 4 Explanation
Explain the language points in the conversation:
1. Have you seen my food?
解析：此句用的是现在完成时的一般疑问句。现在完成时由“have/has + 动词过去分词形式”构成。现在完成时态主要在以下两种情形下使用:（1）表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态；（2）表示过去已完成对现在有一定影响的动作。
否定形式为：主语 + haven’t /hasn’t + 过去分词
疑问形式：Have/ Has + 主语 + 过去分词 …？
肯、否定回答：Yes, 代词 + have/has.
No, 代词 + haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g.
I’ve just eaten it. 我刚吃了它。
You’ve changed. 你变了。
She has lived here for ten years. 她在这住10年了。
— Have you finished your homework? 你完成家庭作业了吗？
— No, I haven’t. 不，没有完成。
★ haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
I’ve = I have You’ve = You have
2. 本课中出现的过去分词有：
see — saw — seen
eat — ate — eaten
change — changed — changed
3. You used to share food with me!
解析：used to do sth. 过去（经常）做某事（现在已经不做了）。
e.g. He used to do exercise in the park every morning, but now he stops because of the awful air. 他过去每天早晨在公园锻炼，但现在因为空气质量差而停止了。
Step 5 Pair work
Talk about the ways of going to school in pairs like this:
A: How do you usually go to school?
B: …
A: How did your parents go to school when they were students?
B: …
Step 6 Transport at different times
Learn some transport at different times by show the pictures, then complete A on page 7.
Step 7 Listen and complete the form.
Listen to the conversation between Millie and Dad, then complete the form.
Dad Millie
Go to school By ____. By ____.
Why or Why not take a bus? There were ____ ______ people and it took a _____ _____ to wait. It’s _____ and _____.
Step 8 Pair work
Work in pairs and take turns to talk about it. Use the conversation as a model.
Past Present
go to school on foot, by bike / bus by bike / bus/ underground
go around the city by bus by bus / taxi / car
go to other cities by coach by coach / train / plane
Step 9 Exercise
1. Fill in the blanks.
Hobo’s food ____ in the _____ an hour ago. But it isn’t there now. Why? Eddie has just ____ it because he was ______. Hobo thinks Eddie has _______ and he is not _____ now because he _____ _____ share food with Hobo.
2. Translation
1) — 你看过这部新电影吗？ — 没看过。
— ______ you ______ this new film?
— No, _______ ________.
2) 她过去是一名历史老师。
She ______ ______ _____ a history teacher.
3) 他们过去常常步行上学。
They______ ______ ______ to school ______ _______.
4) 我们家乡变化很大。
My hometown _________ ________ a lot.
Homework
1. Recite the two conversations.
2. Remember the new words and phrases by heart.
Reading I
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some new words on talking about the changes in past and present.
2. Practise reading skills by learning the conversation.
Step 1 Revision
词汇：
1. — Have you ________ (看见) my chocolate?
— No, I _________.
2. She has _______ (刚刚) eaten lunch.
3. I used to take the _________ (长途汽车) Nanjing.
4. Where do you work at _________ (目前)？
Step 2 New words
1) Read aloud the new words.
2) Complete the B1.
Step 3 Warming up
Enjoy some pictures about Shanghai’s past and present, then tell us the changes in your hometown to lead in the changes in Sunshine Town.
Step 4 Read and answer
1. Why does Millie want to know the changes in Sunshine Town?
2. Why does she interview Mr Chen?
Step 5 Tasks
Task 1: Read the conversation between Millie and Mr Chen quickly and silently, write a T if a sentence is true or an F if it is false.
Mr. Chen knows little about Sunshine Town.
1) Mr Chen moved away from his parents when he got married.
2) There is a large shopping mall in Sunshine Town now.
3) The steel factory once put its waste into the Sunshine River.
5) It is easy for Mr Chen to see his old friends now.
6) Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
Task 2: Read aloud the conversation again. Sandy wants to learn more about the history of Sunshine Town. She is asking Millis some questions. Work in pairs. Complete their conversation.
Sandy: Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie. Has he lived in Sunshine Town all his life?
Millie: Yes. He first lived with his parents in the ____________ part of town, and then moved to another flat two _________ away.
Sandy: What was the town like in the past?
Millie: There were some small ____________ and shops.
Sandy: What did Mr Chen say about the town centre?
Millie: Years ago, there was a __________ and a ________. Now there’s a new park, a new ________ and a large ______________.
Sandy: Were there any factories in Sunshine Town?
Millie: Yes. There was once a ___________ near the Sunshine River.
Task 3: Millie is going to write about the changes in Sunshine town for her history project. She has made some notes. Help her complete the sentences with the information.
Sunshine Town (1)_________________ over the years.
People now have (2)_________________ town.
The (3)______ from the steel factory was once a problem. Luckily, the government took action to improve the (4)_________.
Old people used to (5)__________________________ together.
Old people sometimes (6)_______________ because they cannot (7)________________ as often as before.
People think it is good to see (8)_____________________________.
Step 6 Read
Listen to the recording and read the passage following the tape.
Homework
1. Read aloud the conversation in pairs.
2. Find out the difficult sentences and discuss them with your classmates.
Reading II
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn the language points in this conversation.
2. Do some exercises about the language points.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about Mr Chen and Sunshine Town with the help of these questions:
About Mr Chen:
1. Where did he live when he was a child?
2. Why did he move to this flat?
3. What did he use to do with his old friends?
About Sunshine Town:
1. What did people in the town have years ago?
2. What has part of the town centre turned into?
3. What did the steel factory put into the river?
4. Do you think Mr Chen lives a better life now?
Step 2 Language points:
1. You’ve changed too. You used to be so kind to me.
短语used to意思是（用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经。如：
We used to play cards and Chinese chess together.
过去我们常在一起打牌、下象棋。
2. I’ve lived here since I was born.
主句（用现在完成时）+ since + 从句（一般过去时）。这是现在完成时常用的一种句型结构，如：
He __________ (teach) English at this school since he ______ (come) to China.
自从他来到中国就到这所学校教英语。
3. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.
Has the town changed a lot over the years?
since then 从那时起（一直到现在）
over the years 这几年期间
这两个时间状语都是现在完成时的特征性时间状语。如：
He ________ (be) a policeman since then.
Over the years, I ________ (read) lots of books about animals.
be/get married 结婚
e.g. — How long have you been married?
你结婚多久了？
— We have been married for three years. 我已经结婚有三年了。
4. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.
turn/change … into… 把……变成……
e.g. The cars blocking the exits could turn this place into a death trap.
那些堵住出口的汽车可能使这地方成为死亡陷阱。
5. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.
realize vt. 意识到；实现
e.g. They have realized the problem.
他们已经意识到这个问题。
We must try our best to realize our China dream. 我们必须要尽最大的努力实现我们的中国梦。
6. Well, in some ways it is.
in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面
如：In some ways I agree with you.
在某种程度上我同意你的观点。
7. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
from time to time 不时，偶尔
如：We have not seen each other for a long time, but we send emails from time to time.
我们已经很久没见面了，但偶尔会通邮件。
lonely 孤单的，寂寞的
alone 单独，独自 （= by oneself)
e.g. The old man lives alone, but he never feels lonely.
那个老人独自一个人生活，但他从不感到孤独。
Step 3 Discussion
Does Mr Chen live a better life? Why or why not?
Step 4 Exercises
Mr Chen _______ ________ in Sunshine Town since he was born. He _______ the town very well. He first lived with his parents in the ________ part of town. In 1965, he moved two ______ away from his parents because he _______ _______.
The town has changed a lot. They only have some small ___________ and shops, a post office and a _________.
Now they have a new park, a new theatre and a _______ ______ ______, too.
_______ was a serious problem in the past. Now the government has taken action to ________ the _________.
Sunshine Town has turned into a ________ ________ town. Though it has become ___________ for Mr Chen to see his old friends as often as before, he thinks it’s good to see the _________ _________ in the town.
二、翻译句子：
1. 从那以后，她就独自己一人居住。
She _____ ______ _____ _____ ______.
2. 从某种程度上讲，这是项危险的工作。
____ _____ _____, it’s a dangerous job.
3. 她偶尔听听音乐。
She _____ ______ music _____ ____ ____ ______.
4. 目前人类不可能生活在月球上。
At ________, it’s ___________ _____ ________ _______ _______ on the moon.
Homework
1. Try to recite the conversation.
2. Preview Grammar.
Grammar
Teaching aims:
Learn the use of the present perfect tense.
Step 1. Revision
Answer some questions about the conversation between Mr Chen and Millie.
Model 1:
Has Sunshine Town changed a lot? Yes, it has.
Model 2:
Have Mr Chen and his wife moved out of the town? No, they haven’t.
1. Has the government built a new park?
2. Have most of Mr Chen’s old friends moved away?
3. Has it become impossible for them to see each other as often as before?
4. Have Mr Chen and his wife decided to move out of the town?
Step 2. The present perfect tense
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
e.g. I have lived here since I was born.
She has worked in this factory for nine years.
2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and have a connection with the present.
e.g. Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
（Eddie ate the food, and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)
I have already seen the film?
(I saw the film in the past and now I still remember something about the film.)
3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
e.g. I have already read this book many times.
Mr Chen has been to the USA twice.
4. We make positive statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have arrived.
He / She / It has
5. We make negative statements in the present perfect tense like this:
I / You/ We / They have not arrived.
He / She / It has
6. We ask and answer questions using the present perfect tense like this:
Have I / you/ we / they arrived?
Has he / she / it
Yes, I / you/ we / they have.
he / she / it has.
No, I / you/ we / they haven’t.
he / she / it hasn’t.
7. We form the past participles of some regular verbs by adding –ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs:
Most verbs +ed finish → finished
Verbs ending in -e +d change → changed
Verbs ending in a consonant +y -y +ied carry → carried
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant +ed stop → stopped
8. We form the past participle of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples:
No change come→come hurt → hurt
Change the vowel hold → held win → won
Change the consonant lend→lent build → built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch →caught keep→ kept forget→ forgotten
tell→ told
Others be→ been have→ had
fall→ fallen fly→ flown
draw→ drawn
see→ seen
Step 3 A short test
Write the past participles of the verbs below.
borrow plan say
hope cry grow
make send hit
get watch enjoy
Complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense.
1 They ___________ (finish) their homework already.
2 John ____ never ______ (visit) China.
3 Mr Li ___________ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.
4 We ____________ (not see) each other for years.
5 My parents ___________ (not come) back yet.
6 Our teacher __________ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.
Complete the conversation. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Millie: ______ you _____ (see) any films recently, Sandy?
Sandy: No, I haven't. What about you?
Millie: I _____ (see) one last Saturday.
Sandy: What's it about?
Millie: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I ____________ (learn) more about Beijing’s past and present.
Sandy: Oh, I think I _________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see
it again?
Millie: Yes, I’d like to.
Step 4 Summary
一、现在完成时的构成：
1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型：
主语 + have /has +过去分词…
e. g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.
I have finished my homework.
2. 现在完成时的否定句句型：
主语 + have/has+ not+过去分词…
e.g. I have not seen the movie yet.
He hasn’t been to Beijing since then.
3. 现在完成时一般疑问句的构成：
Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词…?
Yes, 主语+ have/ has.
No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t.
e.g. Have you finished your homework yet?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
★ haven’t =have not hasn’t = has not
I’ve = I have He’s = He has
二、用法：以下两种情况应用现在完成时：
1. 过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在。
He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.
2. 过去完成的动作，但强调这个过去完成的动作对现在有一定的影响或产生某种结果 ：
I have seen that film already.
(I saw it in the past and now I can still remember something about the film.)
★ 一般过去时只用来表示过去发生了某事，并不能表明对现在产生了什么影响。
e.g. He lost his mobile phone yesterday. 他昨天丢失的手机。
(We don’t know whether he has found it or not.)
He has lost mobile phone already. 他已经把手机丢失了。
（He can’t use it right now.)
三、判断方法：
1. 依据用法，结合句意判断。如：
他在这所学校教书有三年了。
He has taught at this school for 3 years.
2. 依据一些副词或时间状语判断。
现在完成时常和already, ever, just, never, recently, yet 等副词，以及since, for 引导的时间状语连用。
Have they arrived yet?
★ already “已经”常用于肯定句中，yet “还，仍然，已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。
Homework
1. Review the summary on present perfect tense.
2. Finish the exercises on the workbook.
Integrated skills
Teaching Aims:
1. Learn some words about describing the changes in Starlight Town.
2. Practice listening skills by listening to the passages about Starlight Town.
Step 1 Revision
Fill the blanks with the right tenses of the verbs:
1. She _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
2. Both of them ________________ (be) in Hong Kong for ten days.
3. Both of them ____________ (come) to Hong Kong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary _______ just ______(lose) her pen. ______ she ______ (see) it anywhere?
6. _________ you ________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No. I _________just _________ (have) some orange.
8. We _______ already ________ (return) the book.
9. ________ they _______ (build) a new school in the village last year?
10. I _______________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. Don’t make noise. My father _________ (sleep) in the room.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. My father ___________ (read) books every evening.
11. My father _________ (read) the novel twice.
Step 2 Presentation
Present some pictures to learn the new words
Step 3 Lead-in
Present some pictures about Beijing in the past and at present.
Step 4 Listening
Listen and complete A1and A2, then check the answers.
Past
Environment: green (1) ___________, clean and fresh (2) ___________, wild (3) __________ near the lake. Transport: bus and (4) ____________Living condition: old (5) _________
Present
Environment: smaller (1) ___________, new (2) ___________ station, tall (3) __________ and new roads. Transport: bus, taxi and (4) _________
Living condition: new (5) ________
Step 5 Complete A3.
1. Complete A3 and then check the answers.
2. Read aloud it.
13 February
Dear Diary,
Today I borrowed a book about Starlight Town’s past and present.
Starlight Town was very beautiful years ago. There were green (1) ___________ and wild (2) __________ near the lake. The (3) ________ was clean and fresh then. Now it has become a (4) ________ town. There is a new (5) ________ station.
There are some new roads too. People can now travel to and from the town by bus,
(6) ______ or train, but in the past, people could only travel by bus or (7) _______. Another big change is the many tall
(8) _________ in the town. Local people used to live in old houses in the (9) ________, but now, most of them have moved into new (10) ________.
Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years. I hope I can visit it again.
Step 6 Exercises
一、词汇：
1. Protecting the e___________ is protecting ourselves.
2. Which type of t__________ do you like better, the train or the bus?
3. Our living c___________ are getting better each year.
4. He has just ________(返回）from Dalian.
1. 在这几年里，星光镇已大变样了。
Starlight Town ___________________ over the years.
2. 上周，我借了一本关于北京的过去与现在的书。
Last week, I _____________________________ Beijing’s __________________.
3. 当地人们过去居住在旧房子里，而现在大多数已搬进了新公寓。
____________________________in old houses, but now most of them ___________________ the new flats.
Step 7 Homework
Remember the new words in this lesson and preview the next lesson.
Speak up and Study skills
Teaching aims:
1. Learn to talk about an old friend.
2. Learn to use facts and opinions in writing.
Step 1. Warming up
Talk about your friends:
1. Who is your best friend?
2. What is he/she like?
3. Where does he/ she live?
4. What does he/she like?
Step 2. Speak up
1. Listen and answer:
1) When did Millie meet Becky?
2) How long has she leave China?
3) Was Becky alone in the USA?
4) How does Millie communicate with Becky?
2. Work in pairs and tell your partner about the changes in your life. Use the conversation below as a model.
Step 3. Language points
1. She’s just returned from the USA.
这里的she’s 是she has的缩略形式。
return vi. 返回
e.g. return home (adv.) 回家
return to school (n.) 回到学校
2. When did you last see each other?
你们上次见面是什么时候?
last adv. 最近, 上一次; 最后。可位于动词前, 也可位于动词后。
e.g. I last saw him in Shanghai two years ago.
我上一次是两年前在上海见到他的。
= I saw him last in Shanghai two years ago.
3. So how do you keep in touch with each other? 那你们是如何保持联系的呢？
keep in touch with sb. 和某人保持联系, 也可用stay in touch with sb.表示。
e.g. Please keep/stay in touch with me while you are in Beijing.
你在北京的时候, 请和我保持联系。
4. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。
communicate vi./vt. 交流, 交际
e.g. She has never communicated with us.
她从未和我们联系过。
Step 4. Study skills
1. Explanation:
Facts and opinions(事实和观点）：
We often use facts and opinions when we write. Facts are true statements. They include names, dates, events and numbers. Opinions tell what we believe, feel or think.
我们在写作时经常会用到陈述事实和表达观点的句子。事实是指客观存在的事物或是事情，通常包括姓名、日期、事件和数字等。观点则是表达我们对于某件事物或事情的感觉、想法等。
Give some examples.
★ Sentences that show opinions often use verbs like feel, believe and think or have adjectives like good, bad and terrible.
e.g. I think it’s important to learn more than one foreign language.
2. Practice
1) Please find some sentences that tell the truth, and some sentences that show the opinions in this unit.
2) Complete Ex. A.
3. Explanation:
★ When we write, we can use facts to support our opinions. We can also give facts first, and then state our opinions.
当我们写作时，我们用事实支持我们的观点。我们可以先给出事实，然后再陈述自己的观点。
Opinion Facts
My hometown is beautiful. There are green hills all around. A river runs through the centre of town.
4. Practice:
Complete Ex. A.
5. 学习短语：be/ get used to sth. / doing sth.
习惯于（适应于）某事/做某事
e.g. He is not used to living in the city. 他不习惯生活在城市。
I got used to the life there. 我很快适应了那里的生活。
used to do sth. 过去（常常）做某事
e.g. He used to live in the country. 他过去常住在农村。
Step 5. Exercises
Translation
1. 你何时和你父母出国？
When do you ____________________________?
2. 从那时起，他们彼此没再见过面。
They ____________________________________.
3. 有些学生仅通过电话和父母保持联系。
Some students only ______________________________________________.
4. 老年人过去在这里晨练。
Old people ______________ morning exercise here.
5. 你习惯喝咖啡吗？
_______________________________coffee?
Homework
1. Remember the new words and expressions in this lesson.
2. Preview the next lesson.
Task
Teaching aims:
1. Complete Amy’s report on the changes in Moonlight Town.
2. Learn to write a similar article about the changes in one’s hometown.
Step 1 Revision
Work in pairs. Talk about the changes in your hometown by asking the following questions:
Where do you live?
What were the roads like in the past?
What are the roads like at present?
How did your father go to school when he was young?
…
Step 2 New words
Present the new words: narrow, open space with some pictures.
Step 3 Read about the changes in Moonlight Town and learn some useful expressions
… has changed a lot over the years.
Many changes have taken place in …
People are enjoying a … life.
There were only … in the past, but now…
People used to …
The government has built …
Many families have their own …
Step 4 Complete C according to Part B.
Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years. Now people are enjoying a comfortable life. In the past, there were only (1) _______________ roads in the small town. There was (2) _______ everywhere.
But now the streets are (3) ____________ with many (4) _________ on both sides. The government has also built (5) ____________________ in some large open spaces. Years ago, people lived in (6) ______________. Now most of them have moved into (7) ________. They used to (8) _______________ or watch TV in their free time, but now most families have computers and the (9) _______. Moreover, (10) _____________ make communication easier now. In the past, people travelled around the town (11) __________________, but now they can go around (12) ____________. Many families even have their own cars.
Now people are enjoying a comfortable life.
Answers: narrow and dirty, rubbish, wide and clean, green trees, shops and tall buildings, small old houses, new flats, listen to the radio, Internet, mobile phones, on foot or by bicycle, by bus or taxi
Step 5 Talk about the changes in your own hometown.
Homework
Finish Self-assessment on page 19.