初三讲解 动词种类
谓语动词： 系动词（be, look, feel, get, become），助动词(be, do, have, will)，
情态动词(can, may, must, would, should)，行为动词，
非谓语动词：分词，不定式，动名词
vt.
vi.
时态: 一般现在（第三人称单数） 现在进行（现在分词） 完成进行
一般过去（过去式） 过去进行（现在分词） 过去完成
一般将来 现在完成（过去分词） 过去将来
（陈述性时态） （描述性时态）
语态： 主动
被动（一般现在，一般将来，一般过去）
语气： 陈述
虚拟
主谓一致：语法一致（单复数）
意义一致 His family is a large one. His family are all teachers.
就近一致 (neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or, there be…)
One or two students are coming this evening.
句法：
基本句型 主谓
主系表
主谓宾
主谓双宾
主谓复宾
There be
句子种类 陈述
疑问 一般，特殊，选择，反意
祈使
感叹
句子结构 简单
并列 and, but, or, so
复合 状语从句（when，if），宾语从句，定语从句（that, who, where）
谓语动词
1． 行为动词
1） vt. 必须跟宾语，语法意义才完整
有主被动语态，但在下列特殊句型中vt. 后不能跟宾语
have… to do 有……要干
give… to do 给……干
It’s + adj. + to do
2) vi. 不能直接跟宾语，只有主动语态，若要及物必须跟上相应prep.
3) vt. & vi.
open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel
2． 系动词
系＋ adj. adv. n. prep. 从句，不定式，分词
1） 常见系动词：be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like,
2） 固定搭配：keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.，turn＋adj.
3） 系动词通常没被动，少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting
3． 延续性V. 与终止性V.
1） 终止性V. 表延续的转换
换时态： V. + ago
换词 ： arrive / get to / reach----be here / there
end----be over
get back / return----be back
borrow----keep
buy---have
go----be there
come----be here
2） 终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作
He is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。
3） 延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时
We were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon.
4） while 引出的时间状语从句中的V. 必须用延续性动词，多为进行时。
5） 终止性动词否定＋until 直到……才
延续性动词肯定＋until 一直干到……为止

语法练习:
一.选择填空：
1. She came here _____.
A. since a month ago B. for a month C. a month ago D. next month
2. They got here ____.
A. a moment ago B. for a moment C. since a moment ago D. sometimes
3. My father has lived here ______ .
A. for three years B. since three years C. for three years ago D. three years ago
4 .Lucy and Lily ______ in Beijing for nearly two years.
A. are B. were C. will be D. have been
5 .My uncle ___ since he left school.
A. smoked B. was smoking C. has smoked D. had smoked
6. They ____ 100,000 trees by the end of 1994.
A. planted B. has planted C. have planted D. had planted
7.By the time Dave got up , his mother _______ breakfast.
A. has cooked B. had cooked C. cooked D. have cooked
8.He said that he _____ never _____ such a beautiful picture before.
A. has…seen B. had ….seen C. have …seen D. was …seeing
9. My sister ____ for three years before she went to college.
A. had worked B. worked C. has worked D. have worked
10. Look! They ___________ their classroom.
A. clean B. are cleaning C. cleaned D. was cleaning
二.根据对话，用所给动词的适当形式填空：
A: Where’s Kate?
B: She____1____ (go) to London.
A: When __2____ she ___3____(leave)?
B: She ___4____(leave)early this morning.
A: How __5____ she ____6____ (go) there?
B: She ___7___ (go) there by plane .
A: When __8__she ___9____ (come) back ?
B: Sorry, I don’t know. Perhaps she ____10____(get) back in a month.

Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
Grammar focus
1. How do you study for a test? I study by listening to tapes.
2. How do you learn English? I learn by studying with a group.
3. Do you learn English by reading aloud? Yes, I do.
e.g. How do you study English?
I study by listening to cassettes / studying with a group / watching TV / listening to English language music / taking part in English classes after school / getting an English tutor / reading English magazines / surfing the Internet …
Do you learn English by …? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Difficulties;
1. I can’t read fluently. 2. I can’t spell some English words. 3. I can’t understand spoken English.
4. I can’t pronounce some of the words. 5. I make mistakes in Grammar.
6. I can’t understand the words in newspapers and magazines. 7. I don’t get much writing practice.
Solutions:
1. Maybe you should find a pen pal. 2. You can always write the new words in your notebook and learn them at home. 3. Why don’t you join an English language club?
4. You can write English diary every day. 5. Listening can help. 6. They learnt by using English.
7. The best way to learn English words is by reading English magazines.
8. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
9. Watching English movies isn’t a bad way.
10.Joining the English club is the best way to improve your English.
语法: 动名词 v.-ing
动名词如何用？
一. 介词后面的动词要变为动名词(-ing动词)
1. study/learn by watching/listening…
2. What/How about reading/speaking…
3. …is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.
4. When we ask about studying grammar, she said…
5. Thank you for inviting me.
二. 作主语的动词要变为动名词(-ing动词)
1. Studying grammar is a great way to learn English.（句子的主语）
2. I think watching English movies isn’t a bad way.（从句的主语）
3. Listening can help. （句子的主语）
Memorizing the words of pop songs helped a little.
He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language.
三. 有些动词后面要接动名词
We end up speaking in Chinese.
Why don’t you join a club to practice speaking English?
Now I am enjoying learning English.
I finish reading the book.
Would you mind taking out the trash?
I often spend money buying books.
四. 有些词组里用动名词
reading skills阅读技巧 speaking skills口语技巧
listening practice听力练习 writing practice写作练习
注意：spoken English 口头英语 written English 书面英语

练习：
一、翻译句子:
1. 学习英语是很重要的因为英语在世界上被广泛的使用。
2. 学好英语是不容易的。
3. 学习英语的最好方法是通过使用它来学习。
4. 我发现听磁带很有帮助。它可以帮助提高听力。
5. 看英语电影不是一个坏方法。
二. 翻译下列词组
1、根本不 2、犯错
3、随后 4、害怕去做
5、取笑（某人） 6、做笔记
7、说本族语的人 8、结束（做某事）
9、学习语法 10、首先
三. 单项选择
( ) 1. I study math by ____ lots of exercises.
A. did B. doing C. do
( ) 2. ____ do you study for tests? I work with my friends.
A. How B. Who C. When
( ) 3. What _____ reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
A. of B. about C. around
( ) 4. Why don’t you _____ to cassettes?
A. listening B. listen C. listened
( ) 5. Many students asked the teacher _____ the time of the test.
A. for B. to C. about
( ) 6. I got an A this term, so my teacher was _____.
A. impressed B. impressing C. impress
( ) 7. Lucy thinks that ____ English movies isn’t a good way.
A. watch B. watched C. watching
( ) 8. When we practice English speaking, we often end up ____in Chinese.
A. speak B. spoken C. speaking
( ) 9. I read very slowly. I can’t spell some English words, _____.
A. also B. either C. but
( ) 10. Don’t laugh ___ others. You should help them when they are in trouble.
A. at B. to C. of
( ) 11. We don’t think she is ____ honest girl.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 12. What’s wrong with my son’s _____? He can’t see things clearly.
A. eyes B. ears C. mouth D. nose
( )13. September 10th is the ________.
A. Children’s Day B. Children Day
B. Teachers’ Day D. Teacher’s Day
( )14. ____ of the two new books are interesting.
A. All B. Both C. Any D. Either
( )15. --Can I get you a drink? --That’s very nice of you. I’ve already got _____.
A. it B. one C. that D. this
四. 完型填空
(A)
Last year my English class was ____1___for me. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to
understand the teacher when she ___2___to the class. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t ___3___every word. Later on, I realized it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. ___4___ I was afraid to speak in class because I thought my classmates might laugh ___5__me. I couldn’t always make complete sentences, either. Then I started to ___6___ English-language TV. It helped a lot. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of ___7___a good language learner. Another thing that I found very difficult was English ___8___. So I decided to __9___ lots of grammar notes ___10___ every class.
( )1. A. lucky B. happy C. difficult D. great.
( )2. A. talked B. talk C. sing D. sang
( )3. A. think B. believe C. forget D. understand
( )4. A. either B. neither C. also D. too
( )5. A. to B. with C. at D. in
( )6. A. watched B. watch C. watches D. watching
( )7. A. making B. becoming C. changing D. turning
( )8. A. grammar B. words C. pronunciation D. tests
( )9. A. make B. write C. take D. do
( )10.A. on B. in C. out of D. off
(B)
Some people seem to have a secret for learning language. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules of grammar, and learn to write ___1___ the new language __2__than___3__. Perhaps if we take a close look ___4___ these successful language learners, we may discover a few__5___ which make language learning easier for them.
First of all, __6__ language learners are independent(独立的) learners. __7__. Successful language learning is active learning. They look __8__every chance to __9__the language bravely. Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose(目的).
What kind of language learner __10__ you?
( ) 1. A. for B. as C. in D. on
( ) 2. A. more quickly B. quickly C slowly D. more slowly
( ) 3. A. the other B. another C. others D. the others
( ) 4. A. at B. on C. into D. for
( )5. A. skill B. skills C. books D. book
( )6. A. unsuccessful B. successful C. beautiful D. outgoing
( )7. A. Next B. First C. In the end D. At last
( )8. A. at B. into C. after D.for
( )9. A. use B. make C. dance D. teach
( )10. A. is B. was C. are D. were
五. 阅读理解
(A)
How I study English
I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache. So they
can’t learn it well. But English is very easy for me. I’m good at it. I’m very glad to tell you something about how I study English.
First, I think an interest(爱好)in English is very important. When I was in Grade One, we had
a new subject – English. It was fresh for me . I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got a very good mark. How happy I was! After that, I learned English harder and harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!
Second, I think English is a foreign language. I should learn it well in the following ways: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and have a good vocabulary(词汇). Then practice again and again, never be tired. And I also have a good habit: Asking whenever(不论何时)I have a question, I must make it clear by asking our English teacher. How happy I am when I understand!
Besides this, I often read English stories, jokes and easy novels. From these I know English is not only interesting, but also useful. They help me understand a lot of things. So to do more reading is an important way to learn English well.
And I also do some exercises from our class magazines, and I often write English diaries. English has become a close friend of mine.
Now I have learned English for more than two years. I always keep the first position in our school. From these words, I hope every student can learn English well.
1. Why do some students often “have a headache”?
A. Because they are easy to catch cold. B. Because it’s often very cold
C. Because they think English is easy. D. Because they don’t think English is easy.
2. The writer tells us that we should be____in English if we want to learn it well.
A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. strict
3. The sentence “I got a very good mark” means ______.
A.I got a good way. B. I had a good idea.
C. I did badly in the exam. D. I did well in the exam.
4. The writer thinks English is interesting because________.
A. English is full of stories. B. English is full of jokes.
C. his teacher often teaches them nice English songs. D. of nothing
5. Which of the following is not the way the writer studies by?
A. speaking bravely B. Writing to foreign friends
C. Reading aloud D. Writing English diaries
(B)
Swimming and English Learning
Can you swim? Do you like swimming? Yes? Well, how can you learn to swim? I think the
best way is to go into the water and learn. I’m afraid you’ll never learn to swim just by reading books about swimming or looking at others swimming. It’s the same with the English study. We must practice, practice and practice.
Listening and speaking are very important for beginners. The children in English-speaking countries first listen to others. Then they try to imitate and speak. We can listen to English programs on radio. You may just understand a few words. It doesn’t matter. Just be relaxed, try to catch every word.
Somebody may be a good listener. But he dare not speak. He’s afraid of making mistakes. You know we sometimes make mistakes when we speak Chinese. Don’t be afraid. We must be brave. If you really want to learn English well, you must try to speak with everyone so long as he knows English. Whether you know him or not is not important when there’s nobody to talk with, you can talk to yourself in English. It’s interesting and also a good way to practice your spoken English. Remember, the more you speak, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
Reading and writing are more important for senior school students. First we must choose the books we’re interested in. A lot of reading will improve your language sense. This is the most important.
Keep writing English diaries. We can also write English articles. You may even post them to English magazines. Don’t be afraid of failure. Failure is the mother of success.
Easier said than done. Well, let’s do more practice from now on. I’m sure you’ll learn English well in this way.
1. You can learn to swim by_______.
A. reading books about it B. looking at others swimming
C. having lessons on it D. going into the river and learning
2. We should learn English by _______.
A. listening and speaking B. reading and writing
C. A and B D. swimming
3. What will you do with mistakes when you speak?
A. Don’t make mistakes. B. Study hard
C. Try not to speak English D. Don’t be afraid.
4. What’s more important for senior school students?
A. listening B. speaking C. reading and writing D. learning
5. We can listen to English ______, according to the passage.
A. by train B. on the radio C. every minute D. now and then
（C）
Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by hearing the language over the radio, on TV, or in films. One must work hard to learn another language.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It’s difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required (要求) for study. They study their own language and maths and English. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.
1. Teenagers, adults and _____ are all learning English.
A. workers B. farmers C. children D. people
2. People learn English ______.
A. at school B. over the radio C. on TV D. not all in the same way.
3. Different kinds of people want to learn English_____.
A. together with other subjects B. for different reasons
C. for their work D. for higher studies at colleges
4. From this passage we know______.’
A. We can learn English easily. B. English is very difficult to learn.
C. English is learnt just by teenagers. D. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn.