初三讲解(三)
被动语态
一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）
1. 结构：主语 + be + 过去分词
(过去分词不变，所有人称，数，时态的变化，都体现在助动词be的变化上。)
2. 时态： (前三种形式为四会掌握内容)
1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.
2. 一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may) be done
3. 一般过去时： was (were) done
* 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done
* 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done
* 6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done
e.g. (1) History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。
（主语是第三人称单数，用is， by 后面加动作的执行者）
(2) These new cars were made in Tianjin in 1994.这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。
（主语是第三人称复数，时态为一般过去时，因此用were）
(3) Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture. /Li Ming is going to be asked to attend the lecture. 李明将被邀请参加讲座。 （一般将来时的被动语态，用will be）
(4) A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
(主语是第三人称单数，现在进行时的被动语态， 用is being)
二. 被动语态的否定及疑问
e.g. The students clean the classroom everyday. (主动句)
The classroom is cleaned (by the students) every day. （被动句）
The classroom isn’t cleaned every day. （被动语态的否定句）
Is the classroom cleaned every day? Yes, it is.（被动语态的一般疑问句）

Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
重点短语
allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事 get one’s ears pierced 给某人扎耳朵
stay up 熬夜 concentrate on 全神贯注；专心于
at present 目前；现在 have an opportunity to do 有机会做某事
take/ pass / fail a test 考试 / 通过考试 / 考试不及格
instead of 代替 cut one’s hair 理发
work at night 晚上工作 be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
get in the way 妨碍 worry about 为……担心（焦虑）
see sb. do 看见……做某事了 see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事
in the end 最后；终于 care about 担心；关心
重点句子
-- I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.
-- I disagree. They talk instead of doing homework.
-- Sixteen-year-olds should not be allowed to drive.
-- I agree. they aren’t serious enough at that age.
-- Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to work at night?
-- No, I don’t.
语法:
被动语态（Be + done）
英语中有主动和被动两种语态。前者以动作的执行者充当主语，后者以动作的承受者 (即宾语) 充当主语。由于只有及物动词才有宾语，因此只能是及物动词才有被动语态形式。
被动语态以助动词be加上动词的过去分词构成，如：
We speak English. (主动语态) English is spoken. (被动语态)
有时为了表明动作的执行者，可在被动语态句型中加上介词by引导的短语，如：
The glass was broken by the cat yesterday.
由于动词be在不同时态中有不同形式，因此被动语态在各种时态中也有不同的结构。一般现在时由am/are/is加上过去分词构成，如：
Football is played all over the world. The rooms are cleaned every day.
被动语态：句子的主语是谓语动词的动作的承受者或者主语是动作的对象，因此只有及物动词才有被动语态。如：
English is spoken by many people in the world.
世界上的许多人讲英语（英语由世界上的许多人讲）。
句中的English就是动词speak的承受者。当要强调动作执行者的时候，用介词by加上这个动作的执行者来表示就可以了，如句中的by many people结构。
被动语态的构成： be + done （动词过去分词），各种时态由be 表示，如：
Our classroom is cleaned every day, but it wasn't cleaned yesterday. It will be cleaned by Group1 tomorrow. 我们的教室每天都打扫，但昨天没扫，明天由第一组清扫。
文中的被动语态是由情态动词should + be +done 组成。

重难点讲解
1. I think teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends every night.
我认为应该允许青少年每天晚上和朋友们出去。
2. I don’t think fifteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ear pierced.
我认为不应该允许十五岁的孩子扎耳眼儿。
get sb. / sth. + adj.（形容词）:意思为“遇到某种情况”或“使……处于某种状态中”，如：
How did the classroom get so dirty?
教室怎么搞得这么脏？
He often gets the answers wrong.
他经常把答案弄错。
3. He should stop wearing that silly earring.
他应该别戴着那个可笑的耳环了。
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
It’s time for class. Please stop talking.
该上课了。请不要讲话了（请停止讲话）。
4. He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
他似乎没有太多的朋友。
似乎；好像；看来
They seemed to be tired. They worked all day.
他们看起来很疲劳，工作了一整天了。
5. That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.
那将会成为让老师和学生们都高兴的好办法。
keep sb. / sth. + adj.（形容词） 使某人或某物……，如：
Eating well is very good to keep you healthy.
吃好对健康很有好处。

练习：
单项选择
1. The rich man gave _______ dollars to medical research.
A. million of B. three millions C. two millions of D. millions of
2. You should eat _______ fruits and vegetables.
A. a little B. a lot C. plenty of D. much
3. If I were you, I’d like to talk to someone who looks _________ .
A. beautifully B. friend C. pretty D. happily
4. The girl seems __________satisfied with the result.
A. pretty B. so C. quiet D. too
5. Our teacher asked you _________ a speech in front of the whole school just now .
A. gave B. giving C. give D. to give
6. Don’t trouble until trouble __________ you .
A. trouble B. troubles C. will trouble D. troubled
7. Don’t _______ school, Larry .
A. be late for B. be late to C. late for D. late to
8. I　don’t know _______.
A. how to say or do B. what to say and do C. what to say or do D. how to say and to do
9. Bill is fairly _____ to win the contest.
A. confident B. nice C. careful D. friendly
10. The English novel is easy for you. There are _______ new words in it .
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
11. If a friend said _________ about you , would you think about what he said ?
A. nothing bad B. anything good C. something well D. something bad
12. If you were _________ friendly to people, you would have _______ friends.
A. much more , many more B. much more , much more
C. less. many more D. many more , much more
13. The girl doesn’t want to ______ her parents _______, so she works harder than before .
A. make , happy B. let , down C. let , glad D. put , up
14．Mary looks great. ___________ exercises every day.
A. She B. He C. I D. We
15. This hat is not __________. I have a hat with my name on it.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
16._Do you have his telephone number?
-- He _______ me his telephone number but I’m afraid I　＿＿　it .
A. gives, lost B. gave , have lost C. had given , lost D. has given , have lost
17. The students in our school should not _________ wear their own clothes.
A. be allowed to B. allow to C. be allowed D. allow
18. Sally really wants a cat, _______ her father won’t let her have one .
A. and B. so C. but D. then
19. The boy is four years old this year. He isn’t ________ to go to school.
A. young enough B. enough young C. old enough D. enough old
20. This morning I had ______ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast.
A. a B. an C. the D. \
21. I allowed Tina _______ my computer.
A. use B. using C. to use D. uses
22. Young trees should be ______________.
A. taken good care B. take good care of C. looking after well D. well looked after
23. My younger sister wants to get her ears ______________.
A. pierced B. piercing C. pierce D. to pierce
24. Boys and girls , please stop __________ so much noise . it’s time for class .
A. to take B. to produce C. producing D. making
25. Kathy ________ spend time with parents.
A. doesn’t need to B. needn’t to C. doesn’t need D. needs
26. ___What’s the matter?
___ They said I should not be allowed __________ here. They don’t allow ________ in the waiting room.
A. smoking, to smoke B. to smoke, smoke
C. to smoke, smoking D. smoking, smoking
27. Children should ____________ get on well with _________.
A. teach how they, others B. teach how to, another
C. be taught how to, others D. taught to, the others
28. The dictionary mustn’t ______________ from the library.
A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away
29. The little boy should ______________ to school.
A. be sent B. be send C. sent D. send
30. I’m sorry, but I have to be at home ______________ 10:00 p.m
A. by B. on C. after D. until

完形填空
(A)
Dear Knowledgable,
My best friend, Mei, has a problem. There is a really 8 English speech contest for our whole city next month. Our classmates want her to represent the class in the school 9 . Everyone is sure she will win. It’s probably true. Mei is very clever, and can speak English really well,. In fact, she 10 comes top in the school exams. The 11 is that she is very shy. She doesn’t want to let her friends 12 ,but she’s terrified of speaking in front of other people .
She is my best friend, so she can tell me that she’s shy. 13 she can’t tell everyone that. I don’t think they would believe her. I can’t think of any good advice to give her. But you always 14 up with good solutions to people’s problems. What do you think I should tell Mei? What do you think I should tell the rest of the students?
8. A. importance B. important C. possible D. possibly
9. A. comment B. course C. contest D. competition
10. A. hardly B. seldom C. never D. always
11. A. question B. problem C. solution D. resolution
12. A. down B. up C. upset D. dull
13. A. So B. And C. Or D. But
14. A. look B. come C. hurry D. make
(B)
Which Hand Do You Use Most?
Which of your hands do you use most? (1)________ of us can use both of our hands equally(平等) well. (2)______ of us are right-handed. New-born babies can get things with both hands, but (3)______ about two years they usually like to use their right hands. Scientists don’t know (4)______ this happens. They (5)_______ that monkeys like to use one of their hands better than (6)_______ — and it can be either of the hands. There are as many right-handed monkeys as there are left-handed (7)______ . But people live in a right-handed world. There are (8)______ right-handed people than left-handed people and (9)______ makes life difficult for those people (10)______ like to use their left hands.
( ) 1. A. Few B. Little C. Many D. Most
( ) 2. A. A little B. A few C. Most D. None
( ) 3. A. in B. on C. at D. for
( ) 4. A. what B. why C. where D. when
( ) 5. A. found B. have found C. looked for D. have looked for
( ) 6. A. the other B. other C. others D. the others
( ) 7. A. people B. monkey C. one D. ones
( ) 8. A. much B. too much C. much too D. many more
( ) 9. A. it B. this C. that D. those
( )10.A. what B. which C. who D. whose

阅读理解
(A)
1.00 U.S. Dollar = 1.55 Australian Dollars
1.20 Brazilian Dollars
120 Japanese Yen
143 Spanish Pesetas
9.9 Mexican Pesos
0.86 European Union Euros
The table shows the value of the United States dollar and several other world currencies on the particular day. Read the questions based on this table and then circle the correct answers.
1. A man’s shirt in a store at the airport costs U.S. $10.00. How much is that in Australian dollars?
A. about 10 Australian dollars B. about 15 Australian dollars C. about 150 Australian dollars
2. How much would this shirt cost in Spanish pesetas?
A. less than 1, 0000 pesetas B. less than 2,000 pesetas C. almost 3,000 pesetas
(B)
A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful, too. It gives us some interesting phrases (短语). One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”. There is an old interesting story about it. Long long ago when people sold things in big cloth bags, a woman asked a man for a pig. The man helped up his cloth bag. There seemed to be a little pig in it. The woman asked to see it. When the man opened the cloth bag, a big black cat ran out. Not a pig! The man’s secret was out and everyone knew it.
Now when someone lets out a secret, he “let the cat out of the bag”. And that is the story of where the interesting phrase came from.
3. The woman wanted to buy____________.
A. a cloth bag B. a little pig C. a black cat D. a bag and a pig
4. At the end of the first paragraph, the underlined word “it” means___________
A. There was a pig in the man’s bag. B. The woman bought a cat.
C. the cloth bag D. the man’s secret
5. John” lets the cat out of the bag” means he ________.
A. makes everybody know a secret B. puts the cat away from the bag
C. buys a cat in the bag D. sells the cat in the bag

Tina和同学聊天，他们谈到了好多话题，下面是一些她的记录
A. proud of themselves B. getting an English tutor C. get our ears pierced D. use a mobile phone E. doing role plays F. choose our own clothes G. many close friends H. singing English songs
1. I used to learn English by ____, ____, ____.
2. In our school, we are not allowed to ____, ____, ____.

写作:“老师应是什么样的？”请表达你自己对此的看法。字数80-100字.
An ideal teacher is a friend as well as a teacher to his pupils. In the classroom, he looks serious. He explains the lessons clearly and does his best to answer questions. But as soon as school is over, he becomes the pupils' friend. He goes to the playground to play with the pupils. When a pupil is in trouble, he helps to solve any problem that may trouble any pupil. He always sets a good example himself so as to influence his pupils.
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,,e went to play football with his friends. Soon he felt hot and took off his coat. On his way home, he forgot to put it on again. This morning he felt unwell and couldn’t go to school. His mother told him to stay in bed and then went to buy some medicine for him. An hour later he wouldn’t lie there, so he stood by the window. The sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees. Soon his mother came back and said, “It’s warmer outside. Go to sun yourself after you take the medicine. ”
Bruce went out and sat on a step and played alone. At that time a salesman （推销员）came up to him and asked, “Has your mother come back, my little friend? ”
“Yes, sir, ”answered the boy.
The man began to ring the doorbell, but nobody answered. He rang it for a long time and became angry.
“I don’t think you are an honest（诚实的）boy, ”said the salesman. “There’s no one in the house. You’ve played a joke on （捉弄）me! ”
“I don’t think so, sir, ”said Bruce. “The house isn’t ours. ”
（ ）1. Bruce caught a cold ______.
A. when he was playing football B. when he returned home
C. after he went to bed D. after he got up this morning
（ ）2. This morning Bruce didn’t go to school because ______.
A. their holiday began B. it was very cold
C. his mother made him stay at home D. he was ill and had to lie in bed
（ ）3. Bruce played alone this morning because _____.
A. he had no friends B. his friends were all at school
C. he had nothing to do at home D. his friends were all ill in bed
（ ）4. The word“sun”in the story means “______”.
A. 太阳 B. 月亮 C. 晒 D. 晒干
（ ）5. The salesman came to ______.
A. sell something to Bruce’s mother B. tell something important to Bruce’s mother
C. see Bruce’s mother D. help Bruce’s mother
（ ）6. Which of the following is true?
A. Bruce wanted to play a joke on the salesman. B. Bruce hoped to laugh at the salesman.
C. Bruce was honest. D. Bruce’s mother went out.
写作
（一）．从小到大，我们都有着很多的变化，如外貌、性格、喜欢做的事情……
A. wear glasses B. play basketball C. shy D. play the piano E. short F. have curly hair G. outgoing H. like tests I. friendly J. play tennis
1. Maria used to be_________________, but now she is not.
2. He used to __________________ with others, but now he doesn’t like to play those things.
3. She has changed a lot. She used to _____________, but now she doesn’t.
（二）．阅读下面的文章，完成任务
(A) I am a middle school student. These years I have changed a lot. I used to be shy, but now I am outgoing. I used to like playing basketball, but now I like reading books. When I am in school, I work harder than before. And my learning methods have changed, too. I like English. I used to study it by making flash cards and making vocabulary lists. But now I study it by listening to cassettes and learning grammar. Rules in school are also different from primary school. I used to eat in class but now I can’t. I used to keep long hair, but now I must have short hair. Everything has changed.
(B) 根据例文，介绍你的一个好朋友或你的一个同学在以上几个方面现在和过去的改变。
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