中考语法专项复习——宾语从句

【考点1】连接词的选择
【考例1】—Do you know the Smiths left Shanghai?
—I’m not sure. I only remember it was a Sunday.
A. if B. when C. how D. why
【简析】B。从答语“it was a Sunday”可知, 问的是“离开上海的时间”, 故选B。
【考例2】I didn’t know they could pass the exam or not. (2008年, 安徽)
A. why B. when C. that D. whether
【简析】D。根据句意和后面的关键词or not可判断选D。
【点拨】1. 引导陈述句用that。that不充当句子成分, 也没有实际意义, 常可省略。
2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether, 表示“是否”。注意：在介词之后, 动词不定式之前或与or not连用时, 用whether而不用if。
3. 引导特殊疑问句, 常用连接代词what, who, whom, which, whose等, 连接副词when, where, how, why等或副词短语how often, how long, how soon, how far, how much等。

【考点2】宾语从句的语序
【考例1】—Alice, I hear there is a new library in your city. Could you tell me ?
—Sure. (2008年, 辽宁十二市)
A. how far is it B. how I can get there
C. where is it D. which bus should I take
【简析】B。宾语从句要求用陈述语序, 而A、C、D都是疑问语序, 故选B。
【考例2】—Excuse me. Could you tell me ?
—Yes. There is a video shop on River Road.
A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs
C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can buy some CDs
【简析】B。宾语从句要用陈述语序, 可排除A、C；根据答语可知, 询问的是“在哪里可以买到CD”, 故选B。
【点拨】在含有宾语从句的复合句中, 不管主句是陈述句或是疑问句, 从句一律用陈述句语序。

【考点3】宾语从句的时态和语态
【考例1】—Do you know for Shanghai last night?
—At 9：00. (2008年, 北京)
A. what time he leaves B. what time does he leave
C. what time he left D. what time did he leave
【简析】C。宾语从句要用陈述语序, 排除B、D；从题干的时间状语last night可知用一般过去时态, 故选C。
【考例2】The shop assistant said he knew .
A. where does the manager live B. where the manager lives
C. where did the manager live D. where the manager lived
【简析】D。宾语从句要用陈述语序, 可排除A、C；主句是过去时态, 从句要用过去的某一时态, 而B是一般现在时, 应排除, 故选D。
【考例3】The teacher told us that the moon around the earth. (2008年, 甘肃嘉峪关)
A. moved B. moves C. was moving D. had moved
【简析】B。“月球围绕地球转”是自然现象, 不受主句时态的约束, 故用一般现在时, 选B。
【考例4】When you leave the room, make sure the door .
A. was locked B. is locked
C. will be locked D. should be locked
【简析】B。make sure后接宾语从句, 常用一般现在时代替将来时, 故选B。
【点拨】宾语从句与主句的时态呼应遵循以下原则：主句是一般现在时, 从句可根据需要使用任何一种时态；主句是过去时, 从句则根据需要只能选用过去的某一种时态形式；如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象等, 不管主句用什么时态, 从句的时态都用一般现在时。另外, 在“Could/Would you...?”句型中, could, would不表示过去时, 只表示一种委婉的语气, 视为现在时态。

【考点4】宾语从句的否定转移
【考例】I don’t think Ben did such a stupid thing, ?
A. do I B. did I C. did he D. does he
【简析】C。否定转移的句子, 其反意疑问句的人称和时态应与宾语从句一致。本题宾语从句主语是he, 时态是一般过去时, 故选C。
【点拨】当主句的谓语动词是believe, think, guess, suppose, imagine等时, 若宾语从句表示否定, 常将否定词转移到主句谓语部分中去, 从句仍用肯定形式, 这种现象叫作“否定转移”。

【考点5】宾语从句的简化
【考例】She has made up her mind that she won’t do that again. (2008年, 山东烟台)
She has to do that again. (同义句转换)
【简析】decided not。make up one’s mind与decide含义相同, 否定的宾语从句可以简化为不定式的否定式。
【点拨】宾语从句在一定条件下可以简化为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”、“it+形容词+不定式短语”、“复合宾语”、“动词不定式”等。

【中考演练场】
1. These pictures will show you .
A. what our school looks like B. what does our school look like
C. how does our school look like D. how our school looks like
2. The plane hasn’t arrived yet. Could you tell me ?
A. why the plane is late B. how is the plane late
C. when will the plane late D. that the plane arrives
3. Can you tell me lives on this floor?
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
4. Tom fell asleep during the class, so he didn’t know .
A. what his teacher says B. what did his teacher say
C. what his teacher said D. what does his teacher say
5. My physics teacher said that light ___ faster than sound. (2008年, 黑龙江佳木斯)
A. travel B. travels C. traveled

Key: 1~5 AABCB