中考英语语法复习•宾语从句
中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
　　宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
　　展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
　　主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
　　陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
　　特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
　　三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
　　留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
　　宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
　　1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
　　2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.
　　3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三关
　　1. 引导词关
　　如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
　　2. 语序关
　　①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
　　He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
　　②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
　　Does he work hard？I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.
　　When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
　　3. 时态关
　　①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
　　I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
　　②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：
　　He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
　　注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
　　1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
　　“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
　　“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
　　2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
　　Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
　　Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、两副面孔
　　if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
　　I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
五、从句的简化
　　1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
　　She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
　　2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
　　She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
　　3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
　　Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？

★whether和if的区别
Ⅰ.用whether不能用if的情况
1.在介词后面：I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didn’t think about whether it would rain the next day.
2.在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.
3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时:
I don’t know whether he’s free or not.
Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.
Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.
4.宾语从句提前时：Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中:We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.
6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether：
Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
The question was whether he went there last night.
Ⅱ.用if不用whether的情况:
1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：
He asked me if I hadn’t finish my homework.
2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
注： ①在含有doubt的肯定句中，whether和if都可以使用。如:I doubt whether/if the mail was arrived. (我不相信邮件已经到了。）
②而在含有doubt否定句和疑问句中，whether 和if 都不能用，要用that.
如：A：Do you doubt whether/if he is what he said to be? (错) B：Do you doubt that he is what he claims to be?（正）

2009年中考英语语法复习•宾语从句专项练习

一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
　 A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for
　 C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
　 A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave
　C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
　 A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8. I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
　 A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens B. where did it happen
　 C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do B. what should we do
　 C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
　 A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
　 A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
　 A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
　 A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
　 C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
　 ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
　 A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
　 C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
　 A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don’t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don’t . When he _______back , Ill tell you .
A. comes; comes B. comes; will come
C. will come; comes D. will come; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him. (同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
　 Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
　 I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.

宾语从句参考答案：
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
二、1—5DDDBB 6—10ACDBC 11—15CCBAD 16—20BCDAC 21—25DACCA 26—30DCCBA
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works 7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go